ScienceDaily: Top Environment News

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• Cloud mystery solved: Global temperatures to rise at least 4°C by 2100
• Major reductions in seafloor marine life from climate change by 2100
• DNA barcoding to monitor marine mammal genetic diversity
• DNA barcodes made of 147 bird species from The Netherlands
• The value of museum collections for development of DNA barcode libraries
• Testosterone in male songbirds may enhance desire to sing, but not song quality
• Meloidogyne mali: A new invasive plant parasitic nematode in Europe
• Earth's crust was unstable in Archean eon; Dripped down into mantle
• Mongooses synchronize births to escape despotic females

Cloud mystery solved: Global temperatures to rise at least 4°C by 2100 Posted: 31 Dec 2013 06:44 AM PST Global average temperatures will rise at least 4°C by 2100 and potentially more than 8°C by 2200 if carbon dioxide emissions are not reduced according to new research that shows our climate is more sensitive to carbon dioxide than most previous estimates.

Major reductions in seafloor marine life from climate change by 2100 Posted: 31 Dec 2013 06:43 AM PST A new study quantifies for the first time future losses in deep-sea marine life, using advanced climate models. Results show that even the most remote deep-sea ecosystems are not safe from the impacts of climate change.

DNA barcoding to monitor marine mammal genetic diversity Posted: 30 Dec 2013 10:50 AM PST Marine mammals are flagship and charismatic species. Attractive for the general public, nowadays, they are also considered as highly relevant sentinel of the marine realm as indicator for environmental change. A recent article suggests that the use of DNA barcoding in conjunction with a stranding network will clearly increase the accuracy of the monitoring of marine mammal biodiversity.

DNA barcodes made of 147 bird species from The Netherlands Posted: 30 Dec 2013 10:50 AM PST An Iranian ornithologist used a "ready for use" museum collection to DNA barcode 147 bird species from The Netherlands. While fast and accurate identifications could be confirmed for most species, gulls and skuas showed fuzzy boundaries and, in contrast, Lesser Whitethroats diversified in more than one species.

The value of museum collections for development of DNA barcode libraries Posted: 30 Dec 2013 10:50 AM PST The ability to sequence the DNA of plants and animals has revolutionized many areas of biology, but the unstable character of DNA poses difficulties for sequencing specimens in museum collection over time. In an attempt to answer these issues, a recent study of 31 target spider species discovers that both time and body size are significant factors in determining which specimens can produce DNA sequences.

Testosterone in male songbirds may enhance desire to sing, but not song quality Posted: 30 Dec 2013 10:49 AM PST Introducing testosterone in select areas of a male canary's brain can affect its ability to successfully attract and mate with a female through birdsong. These findings could shed light on how testosterone acts in the human brain to regulate speech or help explain how anabolic steroids affect human behaviors.

Meloidogyne mali: A new invasive plant parasitic nematode in Europe Posted: 30 Dec 2013 07:15 AM PST A recent study shows that a root-knot nematode species previously considered indigenous to Europe was actually introduced from Asia, and that its host range is wider than previously thought.

Earth's crust was unstable in Archean eon; Dripped down into mantle Posted: 30 Dec 2013 07:14 AM PST Earth's mantle temperatures during the Archean eon, which commenced some 4 billion years ago, were significantly higher than they are today. According to recent model calculations, the Archean crust that formed under these conditions was so dense that large portions of it were recycled back into the mantle.

Mongooses synchronize births to escape despotic females Posted: 23 Dec 2013 03:14 PM PST Some mammals may have evolved to synchronize births as a way of evading the threat of infanticide, according to a study.

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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

---

• Vitamin E may delay decline in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease
• New studies give strong boost to binary-star formation theory
• Researchers use Hubble Telescope to reveal cloudy weather on alien world
• Cloud mystery solved: Global temperatures to rise at least 4°C by 2100
• How emotions are mapped in the body
• Major reductions in seafloor marine life from climate change by 2100
• Most clinical studies on vitamins flawed by poor methodology
• Toward molecular explanation for schizophrenia
• DNA barcoding to monitor marine mammal genetic diversity
• DNA barcodes made of 147 bird species from The Netherlands
• The value of museum collections for development of DNA barcode libraries
• Tell me your barcode, and I will tell you what palm you are
• Testosterone in male songbirds may enhance desire to sing, but not song quality
• Potential new strategy to improve corneal transplant acceptance
• Meloidogyne mali: A new invasive plant parasitic nematode in Europe
• Secret to fewer doctor office visits after 70: Play high school sports
• Earth's crust was unstable in Archean eon; Dripped down into mantle
• Rheumatoid arthritis research shows potential of large-scale genetic studies for drug discovery
• Rock and rho: Proteins that help cancer cells groove
• Mongooses synchronize births to escape despotic females
• Changes in gene explain more of inherited risk for rare disease
• Intuition, analytical skills matter most in crisis

Vitamin E may delay decline in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease Posted: 31 Dec 2013 01:37 PM PST Vitamin E has just been shown to slow functional decline of Alzheimer's patients and reduce burdens on caregivers.

New studies give strong boost to binary-star formation theory Posted: 31 Dec 2013 09:21 AM PST Recent studies add strong, new evidence to the theory that binary stars form when the disk of gas and dust orbiting one young star gravitationally fragments, forming a second young star.

Researchers use Hubble Telescope to reveal cloudy weather on alien world Posted: 31 Dec 2013 06:44 AM PST Scientists have definitively characterized the atmosphere of a super-Earth class planet orbiting another star for the first time.

Cloud mystery solved: Global temperatures to rise at least 4°C by 2100 Posted: 31 Dec 2013 06:44 AM PST Global average temperatures will rise at least 4°C by 2100 and potentially more than 8°C by 2200 if carbon dioxide emissions are not reduced according to new research that shows our climate is more sensitive to carbon dioxide than most previous estimates.

How emotions are mapped in the body Posted: 31 Dec 2013 06:43 AM PST Researchers found that the most common emotions trigger strong bodily sensations, and the bodily maps of these sensations were topographically different for different emotions. The sensation patterns were, however, consistent across different West European and East Asian cultures, highlighting that emotions and their corresponding bodily sensation patterns have a biological basis.

Major reductions in seafloor marine life from climate change by 2100 Posted: 31 Dec 2013 06:43 AM PST A new study quantifies for the first time future losses in deep-sea marine life, using advanced climate models. Results show that even the most remote deep-sea ecosystems are not safe from the impacts of climate change.

Most clinical studies on vitamins flawed by poor methodology Posted: 30 Dec 2013 10:51 AM PST Most large, clinical trials of vitamin supplements, including some that have concluded they are of no value or even harmful, have a flawed methodology that renders them largely useless in determining the real value of these micronutrients, a new analysis suggests. These flawed findings will persist until the approach to studying micronutrients is changed.

Toward molecular explanation for schizophrenia Posted: 30 Dec 2013 10:50 AM PST Schizophrenia was only recognized as a medical condition in the past few decades, and its exact causes remain unclear. Now a researcher has discovered that an important cell-maintenance process called autophagy is reduced in the brains of schizophrenic patients. The findings advance the understanding of schizophrenia and could enable the development of new diagnostic tests and drug treatments for the disease.

DNA barcoding to monitor marine mammal genetic diversity Posted: 30 Dec 2013 10:50 AM PST Marine mammals are flagship and charismatic species. Attractive for the general public, nowadays, they are also considered as highly relevant sentinel of the marine realm as indicator for environmental change. A recent article suggests that the use of DNA barcoding in conjunction with a stranding network will clearly increase the accuracy of the monitoring of marine mammal biodiversity.

DNA barcodes made of 147 bird species from The Netherlands Posted: 30 Dec 2013 10:50 AM PST An Iranian ornithologist used a "ready for use" museum collection to DNA barcode 147 bird species from The Netherlands. While fast and accurate identifications could be confirmed for most species, gulls and skuas showed fuzzy boundaries and, in contrast, Lesser Whitethroats diversified in more than one species.

The value of museum collections for development of DNA barcode libraries Posted: 30 Dec 2013 10:50 AM PST The ability to sequence the DNA of plants and animals has revolutionized many areas of biology, but the unstable character of DNA poses difficulties for sequencing specimens in museum collection over time. In an attempt to answer these issues, a recent study of 31 target spider species discovers that both time and body size are significant factors in determining which specimens can produce DNA sequences.

Tell me your barcode, and I will tell you what palm you are Posted: 30 Dec 2013 10:50 AM PST A short fragment of chloroplastic DNA as a "barcode" for species identification within a group of palm species, including the economically important date palm Phoenix dactylifera, has been proposed by researchers from IRD, France, and CRA-FSO, Italy. Species and hybrids recognition is important for the protection of endemic or rare species, as well as for preserving the genetic integrity of varieties. The study was published in a special issue of the open access journal ZooKeys.

Testosterone in male songbirds may enhance desire to sing, but not song quality Posted: 30 Dec 2013 10:49 AM PST Introducing testosterone in select areas of a male canary's brain can affect its ability to successfully attract and mate with a female through birdsong. These findings could shed light on how testosterone acts in the human brain to regulate speech or help explain how anabolic steroids affect human behaviors.

Potential new strategy to improve corneal transplant acceptance Posted: 30 Dec 2013 10:49 AM PST For the estimated 10 percent of patients whose bodies reject a corneal transplant, the odds of a second transplant succeeding are poor. All that could change, however, based on a study that has found a way to boost the corneal transplant acceptance rate.

Meloidogyne mali: A new invasive plant parasitic nematode in Europe Posted: 30 Dec 2013 07:15 AM PST A recent study shows that a root-knot nematode species previously considered indigenous to Europe was actually introduced from Asia, and that its host range is wider than previously thought.

Secret to fewer doctor office visits after 70: Play high school sports Posted: 30 Dec 2013 07:15 AM PST Seventy year olds who don't frequently visit the doctor have something unexpected in common -- most played high school sports. They were active on a team over 50 years ago and are more likely to be active into their late 70s.

Earth's crust was unstable in Archean eon; Dripped down into mantle Posted: 30 Dec 2013 07:14 AM PST Earth's mantle temperatures during the Archean eon, which commenced some 4 billion years ago, were significantly higher than they are today. According to recent model calculations, the Archean crust that formed under these conditions was so dense that large portions of it were recycled back into the mantle.

Rheumatoid arthritis research shows potential of large-scale genetic studies for drug discovery Posted: 26 Dec 2013 08:52 AM PST The results of the largest international study to date into the genetic basis of rheumatoid arthritis have shed light on the biology of the disease and provide evidence that large-scale genetic studies can assist in the identification of new drugs for complex disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Rock and rho: Proteins that help cancer cells groove Posted: 26 Dec 2013 08:52 AM PST Biologists have discovered that low oxygen conditions, which often persist inside tumors, are sufficient to initiate a molecular chain of events that transforms breast cancer cells from being rigid and stationery to mobile and invasive. Their evidence underlines the importance of hypoxia-inducible factors in promoting breast cancer metastasis.

Mongooses synchronize births to escape despotic females Posted: 23 Dec 2013 03:14 PM PST Some mammals may have evolved to synchronize births as a way of evading the threat of infanticide, according to a study.

Changes in gene explain more of inherited risk for rare disease Posted: 23 Dec 2013 07:06 AM PST Mutations in a key gene predispose people to develop a rare tumor-causing disorder.

Intuition, analytical skills matter most in crisis Posted: 23 Dec 2013 05:38 AM PST People who prefer to combine quick, intuitive decisions with analysis, make the best decisions in a crisis situation, a new study shows.

You are subscribed to email updates from ScienceDaily: Latest Science News To stop receiving these emails, you may unsubscribe now.	Email delivery powered by Google
Google Inc., 20 West Kinzie, Chicago IL USA 60610

ScienceDaily: Top Science News

---

• Vitamin E may delay decline in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease
• New studies give strong boost to binary-star formation theory
• Researchers use Hubble Telescope to reveal cloudy weather on alien world
• Cloud mystery solved: Global temperatures to rise at least 4°C by 2100
• How emotions are mapped in the body
• Major reductions in seafloor marine life from climate change by 2100
• Earth's crust was unstable in Archean eon; Dripped down into mantle

Vitamin E may delay decline in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease Posted: 31 Dec 2013 01:37 PM PST Vitamin E has just been shown to slow functional decline of Alzheimer's patients and reduce burdens on caregivers.

New studies give strong boost to binary-star formation theory Posted: 31 Dec 2013 09:21 AM PST Recent studies add strong, new evidence to the theory that binary stars form when the disk of gas and dust orbiting one young star gravitationally fragments, forming a second young star.

Researchers use Hubble Telescope to reveal cloudy weather on alien world Posted: 31 Dec 2013 06:44 AM PST Scientists have definitively characterized the atmosphere of a super-Earth class planet orbiting another star for the first time.

Cloud mystery solved: Global temperatures to rise at least 4°C by 2100 Posted: 31 Dec 2013 06:44 AM PST Global average temperatures will rise at least 4°C by 2100 and potentially more than 8°C by 2200 if carbon dioxide emissions are not reduced according to new research that shows our climate is more sensitive to carbon dioxide than most previous estimates.

How emotions are mapped in the body Posted: 31 Dec 2013 06:43 AM PST Researchers found that the most common emotions trigger strong bodily sensations, and the bodily maps of these sensations were topographically different for different emotions. The sensation patterns were, however, consistent across different West European and East Asian cultures, highlighting that emotions and their corresponding bodily sensation patterns have a biological basis.

Major reductions in seafloor marine life from climate change by 2100 Posted: 31 Dec 2013 06:43 AM PST A new study quantifies for the first time future losses in deep-sea marine life, using advanced climate models. Results show that even the most remote deep-sea ecosystems are not safe from the impacts of climate change.

Earth's crust was unstable in Archean eon; Dripped down into mantle Posted: 30 Dec 2013 07:14 AM PST Earth's mantle temperatures during the Archean eon, which commenced some 4 billion years ago, were significantly higher than they are today. According to recent model calculations, the Archean crust that formed under these conditions was so dense that large portions of it were recycled back into the mantle.

You are subscribed to email updates from ScienceDaily: Top Science News To stop receiving these emails, you may unsubscribe now.	Email delivery powered by Google
Google Inc., 20 West Kinzie, Chicago IL USA 60610

ScienceDaily: Living Well News

---

• How emotions are mapped in the body
• Most clinical studies on vitamins flawed by poor methodology
• Secret to fewer doctor office visits after 70: Play high school sports
• Intuition, analytical skills matter most in crisis
• Even or odd: No easy feat for the mind
• Greater dietary fiber intake associated with lower risk of heart disease
• Physical inactivity after cardiac surgery linked with higher risk of depression

How emotions are mapped in the body Posted: 31 Dec 2013 06:43 AM PST Researchers found that the most common emotions trigger strong bodily sensations, and the bodily maps of these sensations were topographically different for different emotions. The sensation patterns were, however, consistent across different West European and East Asian cultures, highlighting that emotions and their corresponding bodily sensation patterns have a biological basis.

Most clinical studies on vitamins flawed by poor methodology Posted: 30 Dec 2013 10:51 AM PST Most large, clinical trials of vitamin supplements, including some that have concluded they are of no value or even harmful, have a flawed methodology that renders them largely useless in determining the real value of these micronutrients, a new analysis suggests. These flawed findings will persist until the approach to studying micronutrients is changed.

Secret to fewer doctor office visits after 70: Play high school sports Posted: 30 Dec 2013 07:15 AM PST Seventy year olds who don't frequently visit the doctor have something unexpected in common -- most played high school sports. They were active on a team over 50 years ago and are more likely to be active into their late 70s.

Intuition, analytical skills matter most in crisis Posted: 23 Dec 2013 05:38 AM PST People who prefer to combine quick, intuitive decisions with analysis, make the best decisions in a crisis situation, a new study shows.

Even or odd: No easy feat for the mind Posted: 20 Dec 2013 12:45 PM PST Even scientists are fond of thinking of the human brain as a computer, following sets of rules to communicate, make decisions and find a meal. But if the brain is like a computer, why do brains make mistakes that computers don't?

Greater dietary fiber intake associated with lower risk of heart disease Posted: 20 Dec 2013 09:08 AM PST Greater dietary fiber intake is associated with a lower risk of both cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease.

Physical inactivity after cardiac surgery linked with higher risk of depression Posted: 19 Dec 2013 05:27 AM PST Patients undergoing cardiac surgery should be assessed for depression and physical activity, say researchers.

You are subscribed to email updates from ScienceDaily: Living Well News To stop receiving these emails, you may unsubscribe now.	Email delivery powered by Google
Google Inc., 20 West Kinzie, Chicago IL USA 60610

ScienceDaily: Top Technology News

---

New studies give strong boost to binary-star formation theory Posted: 31 Dec 2013 09:21 AM PST Recent studies add strong, new evidence to the theory that binary stars form when the disk of gas and dust orbiting one young star gravitationally fragments, forming a second young star.

Researchers use Hubble Telescope to reveal cloudy weather on alien world Posted: 31 Dec 2013 06:44 AM PST Scientists have definitively characterized the atmosphere of a super-Earth class planet orbiting another star for the first time.

You are subscribed to email updates from ScienceDaily: Top Technology News To stop receiving these emails, you may unsubscribe now.	Email delivery powered by Google
Google Inc., 20 West Kinzie, Chicago IL USA 60610

Newsletter for Wednesday 1 January

 

TODAY IN SCIENCE HISTORY

NEWSLETTER - JANUARY 1

Before you look at today's web page, see if you can answer some of these questions about the events that happened on this day. Some of the names are very familiar. Others will likely stump you. Tickle your curiosity with these questions, then check your answers on today's web page.

On 1 Jan 1874, Albert Hoyt Taylor was born, American physicist known as the "father of navy radar." Today's Science Store pick is The Invention That Changed the World: How a Small Group of Radar Pioneers Won the Second World War and Launched a Technological Revolution, by Robert Buderi. Taylor's contribution is only briefly mentioned in this book, but this well-written, technically accurate, and even exciting account captures the urgency of the race to win World War II, the people behind the magnetrons, screens and antennae, and the use of radar in the cold war. Available Used from $8.92 (as of time of writing). Yesterday's pick: The Best American Science Writing 2007. For picks from earlier newsletters, see the Today in Science Science Store home page.

Quotations for Today

"Man's chief enemy is his own unruly nature and the dark forces put up within him." - Ernest Jones, Welsh psychoanalyst (born 1 Jan 1879) "Disease may be defined as 'A change produced in living things in consequence of which they are no longer in harmony with their environment." - William Thomas Councilman, American pathologist (born 1 Jan 1854) "It is a common rule with primitive people not to waken a sleeper, because his soul is away and might not have time to get back." - James George Frazer, Scottish anthropologist (born 1 Jan 1854)

QUIZ

Births

Satyendra Nath Bose, born 1 Jan 1894, was an Indian mathematician and physicist who did important work in quantum theory, in particular on Planck's black body radiation law. Bose also published on statistical mechanics leading to the Einstein-Bose statistics.  What term was coined by Dirac for particles obeying these statistics?

Deaths

Grace Murray Hopper (1906-1992) was an American mathematician who was a pioneer in developing computer technology, helping to devise Univac I, the first commercial electronic computer. She served the U.S. Navy, first commissioned as a Lieutenant (Junior Grade) 1944, and immediately then became involved in the development of the then-embryonic electronic computer. To what rank did she rise in the Navy?

A German physicist (1857-1894) was the first to broadcast and receive radio waves. He generated electric waves by means of the oscillatory discharge of a condenser through a loop provided with a spark gap, and then detecting them with a similar type of circuit.  Can you name this scientist?

Events

From 1 Jan of a certain year, all US cigarette packages were required to carry the health warning: Caution: Cigarette smoking may be hazardous to your health.. In what decade did this label come into effect?

On 1 Jan 1946, the first U.S. computer was finished by Mauchly and Eckert. Can you name this computer?

Answers

When you have your answers ready to all the questions above, you'll find all the information to check them, and more, on the January 1 web page of Today in Science History. Or, try this link first for just the brief answers.

Fast answers for the previous newsletter for December 31:  double stars; Andreas Vesalius; John Flamsteed; the decade including the year 1938; Marie Curie.

Feedback

If you enjoy this newsletter, the website, or wish to offer encouragement or ideas, please write.

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