Κυριακή 30 Σεπτεμβρίου 2012

ScienceDaily: Top News

ScienceDaily: Top News


Patient selection for bilateral total knee replacement needs improvement

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:04 AM PDT

Because there are more risks with having a total knee replacement in both legs at the same time than having a knee replacement in one leg, doctors in recent years have been selecting younger and healthier patients for the bilateral procedure. Now a new study has revealed that although patients are younger and healthier than those undergoing only one-sided surgery, they are becoming sicker and some complication rates have risen.

Potentially dangerous new malaria mosquito identified

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:03 AM PDT

Entomologists recently discovered a potentially dangerous new malaria-transmitting mosquito. The as yet unnamed, and previously unreported, mosquito breeds in the western areas of Kenya and has an unknown DNA match to any of the existing malaria-transmitting species.

Time bomb: Military ordnance in Gulf of Mexico poses threat to shipping, says expert

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:03 AM PDT

Millions of pounds of unexploded bombs and other military ordnance that were dumped decades ago in the Gulf of Mexico, as well as off the coasts of both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, could now pose serious threats to shipping lanes and the 4,000 oil and gas rigs in the Gulf, warns oceanographers.

Marine plants can flee to avoid predators: First observation of predator avoidance behavior by phytoplankton

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:03 AM PDT

Scientists have made the first observation of a predator avoidance behavior by a species of phytoplankton, a microscopic marine plant. The scientists made the unexpected observation while studying the interactions between phytoplankton and zooplankton.

Therapy over the phone as effective as face-to-face, study suggests

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:02 AM PDT

A new study reveals that cognitive therapy over the phone is just as effective as meeting face-to-face.

White shark diets vary with age and among individuals

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:02 AM PDT

White sharks, the largest predatory sharks in the ocean, are thought of as apex predators that feed primarily on seals and sea lions. But a new study shows surprising variability in the dietary preferences of individual sharks.

New European statistics released on heart disease and stroke

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:02 AM PDT

New figures released to mark World Heart Day show a significant improvement in Europe's heart health. These figures represent the first comprehensive overview of the impact of cardiovascular disease since 2008.

Lack of sleep leads to insulin resistance in teens

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:02 AM PDT

A new study suggests that increasing the amount of sleep that teenagers get could improve their insulin resistance and prevent the future onset of diabetes.

Prostate cancer testing and treatment guidelines developed

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:02 AM PDT

New prostate cancer articles review and clarify recent updates made to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network's guidelines for the screening and treatment of prostate cancer.

ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

ScienceDaily: Latest Science News


Patient selection for bilateral total knee replacement needs improvement

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:04 AM PDT

Because there are more risks with having a total knee replacement in both legs at the same time than having a knee replacement in one leg, doctors in recent years have been selecting younger and healthier patients for the bilateral procedure. Now a new study has revealed that although patients are younger and healthier than those undergoing only one-sided surgery, they are becoming sicker and some complication rates have risen.

Potentially dangerous new malaria mosquito identified

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:03 AM PDT

Entomologists recently discovered a potentially dangerous new malaria-transmitting mosquito. The as yet unnamed, and previously unreported, mosquito breeds in the western areas of Kenya and has an unknown DNA match to any of the existing malaria-transmitting species.

Sun unleashes a wide, but benign, coronal mass ejection

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:03 AM PDT

The sun erupted with a wide, Earth-directed coronal mass ejection on Sept. 27, 2012 at 10:25 p.m. EDT.

New 'Green List' shows species on path to conservation success

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:03 AM PDT

The IUCN World Conservation Congress has adopted a motion to create a Green List to assess conservation success. The Green List for Species would include species identified as 'fully conserved,' which are those that exist in ecologically significant numbers, interacting fully with other species in their ecosystems.

Time bomb: Military ordnance in Gulf of Mexico poses threat to shipping, says expert

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:03 AM PDT

Millions of pounds of unexploded bombs and other military ordnance that were dumped decades ago in the Gulf of Mexico, as well as off the coasts of both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, could now pose serious threats to shipping lanes and the 4,000 oil and gas rigs in the Gulf, warns oceanographers.

Marine plants can flee to avoid predators: First observation of predator avoidance behavior by phytoplankton

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:03 AM PDT

Scientists have made the first observation of a predator avoidance behavior by a species of phytoplankton, a microscopic marine plant. The scientists made the unexpected observation while studying the interactions between phytoplankton and zooplankton.

Clonal evolution in maxillary sinus carcinoma

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:03 AM PDT

Knowing how tumors evolve can lead to new treatments that could help prevent cancer from recurring, according to researchers. They have tracked several years of tumor evolution in a 47-year-old male patient with maxillary sinus carcinoma, a rare cancer of the sinus cavities beneath the cheeks that often requires surgical removal that is disfiguring.

Therapy over the phone as effective as face-to-face, study suggests

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:02 AM PDT

A new study reveals that cognitive therapy over the phone is just as effective as meeting face-to-face.

White shark diets vary with age and among individuals

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:02 AM PDT

White sharks, the largest predatory sharks in the ocean, are thought of as apex predators that feed primarily on seals and sea lions. But a new study shows surprising variability in the dietary preferences of individual sharks.

New European statistics released on heart disease and stroke

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:02 AM PDT

New figures released to mark World Heart Day show a significant improvement in Europe's heart health. These figures represent the first comprehensive overview of the impact of cardiovascular disease since 2008.

Lack of sleep leads to insulin resistance in teens

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:02 AM PDT

A new study suggests that increasing the amount of sleep that teenagers get could improve their insulin resistance and prevent the future onset of diabetes.

Combination of targeted treatment drugs delays resistance in melanoma patients

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:02 AM PDT

Combined treatment with two drugs targeting different points in the same growth-factor pathway delayed the development of treatment resistance in patients with BRAF-positive metastatic malignant melanoma.

Prostate cancer testing and treatment guidelines developed

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 11:02 AM PDT

New prostate cancer articles review and clarify recent updates made to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network's guidelines for the screening and treatment of prostate cancer.

ScienceDaily: Top Technology News

ScienceDaily: Top Technology News


Loop the loop, DNA style: One- or two-way transcription depends on gene loops

Posted: 28 Sep 2012 05:52 AM PDT

Scientists have discovered that, by forming or undoing gene loops, cells manipulate the path of the transcription machinery -- which reads out instructions from DNA -- controlling whether it moves along the genetic material in one direction or two.

Σάββατο 29 Σεπτεμβρίου 2012

Science News SciGuru.com

Science News SciGuru.com

Link to Science News from SciGuru.com

Genetic Sleuthing Uncovers Deadly New Virus in Africa

Posted: 29 Sep 2012 05:46 AM PDT

An isolated outbreak of a deadly disease known as acute hemorrhagic fever, which killed two people and left one gravely ill in the Democratic Republic of Congo in the summer of 2009, was probably caused by a novel virus scientists have never seen before.

Described this week in the open-access journal PLoS Pathogens, the new microbe has been named Bas-Congo virus (BASV) after the province in the southwest corner of the Congo where the three people lived.

read more

Study points to potential for improvement in the care, quality of life of epilepsy patients

Posted: 28 Sep 2012 10:35 AM PDT

Routine screening for psychiatric, cognitive and social problems could enhance the quality of care and quality of life for children and adults with epilepsy, according to a study by UC Irvine neurologist Dr. Jack Lin and colleagues at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Amedeo Avogadro University in Italy.

read more

Probing the mysteries of cracks and stresses

Posted: 28 Sep 2012 09:59 AM PDT

Analysis of molecular-level fracture and stress mechanisms could have broad implications for understanding materials’ behavior.

read more

Newsletter for Saturday 29 September

 

Newsletter - September 29 - Today in Science History

TODAY IN SCIENCE HISTORY
NEWSLETTER - 29 SEPTEMBER

Feature for Today
On 29 Sep 1954, CERN was founded when the Centre Européenne de Recherche Nucléaire convention was ratified by the 12 founding Member States. CERN's Director General Robert Aymar, stated it "gave the new organization a mission to provide first class facilities, to coordinate fundamental research in particle physics, and to help reunite the countries of Europe after two world wars."

This was the culmination of efforts that had started a few years earlier. You can read some of the early history of the institution in newspaper articles (New York Times):

13 Dec 1949 - An Atom Institute Urged for Europe

6 Jun 1950 - An Atomic Center in Europe is Urged


Book of the Day
Enrico Fermi, PhysicistOn 29 Sep 1901, Enrico Fermi was born, one of the chief architects of the nuclear age. Today's Science Store pick is Enrico Fermi, Physicist, by Emilio Segre. This well-researched biography of this brilliant master of physics and mathematics, was written by the pupil, Segre, both Nobel winners. Fermi's classic experiments on artificial radioactivity eventually yielded the atomic pile, the first controlled nuclear power. As one of Time Magazine's top 20 scientists, Fermi's work should be high on your reading list. Several available Used from $29.50.
Yesterday's pick: Louis Pasteur.
For picks from earlier newsletters, see the Today in Science Science Store home page.

Quotations for Today
"Young man, if I could remember the names of these particles, I would have been a botanist."
- Enrico Fermi, (born 29 Sep 1901) Quotes Icon
"Whatever Nature has in store for mankind, unpleasant as it may be, men must accept, for ignorance is never better than knowledge."
- Enrico Fermi, (born 29 Sep 1901) Quotes Icon
"The human body is the only machine in which there are no spare parts."
- Hermann M. Biggs, New York City's pioneering Public Health Officer (born 29 Sep 1859) Quotes Icon

QUIZ
Before you look at today's web page, see if you can answer some of these questions about the events that happened on this day. Some of the names are very familiar. Others will likely stump you. Tickle your curiosity with these questions, then check your answers on today's web page.
Births
Paul MacCready, born 29 Sep 1925,  is an American aerodynamicist who headed a team that designed and built both the first man-powered aircraft and the first solar-powered aircraft capable of sustained flights. On 23 Aug 1977, the man-powered aircraft successfully demonstrated sustained, maneuverable manpowered flight.
Can you name this man-powered aircraft?
Enrico Fermi, physicist, born 29 Sep 1901 was one of the chief architects of the nuclear age. Working in America, he discovered neutron-induced radioactivity, and directed the first controlled chain reaction involving nuclear fission.  
What was Fermi's nationality at the outbreak of World War II?
Deaths
Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913) was a German thermal engineer who was also a distinguished connoisseur of the arts, a linguist, and a social theorist.
For what invention is he best known?
Events

On 29 Sep 1891, a U.S. patent was issued to an inventor for a "Process of and Apparatus for Generating Electricity" and on 29 Sep 1914, a patent for a "Phonograph-Record" was granted to the same man. 
Who was this inventor?

Answers

When you have your answers ready to all the questions above, you'll find all the information to check them, and more, on the September 29 web page of Today in Science History. Or, try this link first for just the brief answers.

Fast answers for the previous newsletter for September 28: Seymour R. Cray; fluorine; Edwin Hubble; amino acids.

Feedback
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