Newsletter for Wednesday 28 August

TODAY IN SCIENCE HISTORY NEWSLETTER - 28 AUGUST

Feature for Today

Stephen McCormick died on 28 Aug 1839, today, a second chance to familiarize yourself with his contribution to agriculture. (He was born on 26 Aug 1784.) He was an American inventor and manufacturer of a practical cast iron plow with detachable components. His early achievement, while a youth, was to increase the productivity of a water-powered grist-mill by improving the shape of its nether millstone (the lower of the two millstones) used to grind flour. Though his father desired that he should make law his profession, he flatly refused. He was more interested by invention. By 1816, he had invented a cast-iron plough superior to Charles Newbold's earlier design. McCormick's first of several patents was issued on on 3 Feb 1819. His cast-iron mould board had an adjustable wrought-iron point mounted beneath, able to decrease the draft, while deepening the furrow, and breaking up the soil more effectively. Standardization of the replaceable parts led to the development of improved manufacturing processes. For a larger picture of McCormick with one of his plows, and a few more biographical remarks, read this article on Stephen McCormick.

Book of the Day

George Hoyt Whipple, born 28 Aug 1878, was an American physician and pathologist who shared the 1934 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with George R. Minot and William P. Murphy for “their discoveries of a treatment of pernicious anemia with a special diet of liver.” Whipple began a study in 1920 of the influence of food on blood regeneration. From experiments on dogs bled to reduce blood volume, he found the best food to stimulate the bone marrow for the production of the new red blood corpuscles was raw liver. Other foods, including kidney and apricots were also found helpful. Minot and Murphy applied Whipple's discovery of the value of liver. They designed a special diet for humans with a particular noninfectious disease - pernicious anemia. The three researchers made a major advance with a non-drug treatment of this condition. Today's Science Store pick is: George Hoyt Whipple and his friends;: The life-story of a Nobel prize pathologist, by George Washington Corner, which will give you some idea of what goes in to winning a Nobel Prize! It is available Used from $10.99. (As of time of writing.). For picks from earlier newsletters, see the Today in Science Science Store home page.

Quotations for Today
	Whether one show one's self a man of genius in science or compose a song, the only point is, whether the thought, the discovery, the deed, is living and can live on. - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, German poet, zoologist, botanist and geologist (born 28 Aug 1749).
	Organized Fossils are to the naturalist as coins to the antiquary; they are the antiquities of the earth; and very distinctly show its gradual regular formation, with the various changes inhabitants in the watery element. - William Smith, English geologist and engineer (died 28 Aug 1839).
	Butterflies are very interesting. Here these things are little grubs for a while. And then they go into a little coffin. There they are in a sarcophagus, and then they come out and dance with the angels. - Roger Tory Peterson, American ornithologist, author and conservationist (born 28 Aug 1908).

Quiz
Before you look at today's web page, see if you can answer some of these questions about the events that happened on this day. Some of the names are very familiar. Others will likely stump you. Tickle your curiosity with these questions, then check your answers on today's web page.
Births
	Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield, born 28 Aug 1919, was an English electrical engineer who shared the 1979 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for developing CAT, a high-resolution x-ray picture of an imaginary slice through the body (or head) is built up from information taken from detectors rotating around the patient. CAT is an acronym; what is its name in full?
	Roger Tory Peterson, born 28 Aug 1908, was an American author of field guides, and did much in the United States and Europe to stimulate public interest in his topic. What was his field of interest?
Deaths
	Four geologists died on 28 Aug, each of a different era and in different parts of the world. Pictured at the left, William Bowie (1872-1940, geodesist who investigated isostasy); Sir T. W. Edgeworth David (1858-1934); �mile Haug (1861-1927, geologist known for his contributions to the theory of geosynclines); and William Smith (1769-1839, geologist who developed stratigraphy and also made a monumental study of a certain country). For each geologist, can you give their nationality or the country they studied?
Events
	On 28 Aug 1963, the Evergreen Point road bridge connecting Seattle and Bellevue opened. What was the unusual construction type this bridge?
	On 28 Aug 1845, the first issue came out in the U.S. of a science magazine that is still being published under the same name. The first publisher was Rufus Porter (1792-1884), a versatile if eccentric Yankee, who was by turns a portrait-painter, schoolmaster, inventor and editor. What is the name of this magazine?
	On 28 Aug 1837, English pharmacists John Lea and William Perrins began the manufacture of a now world-famous condiment. What condiment?

Answers

When you have your answers ready to all the questions above, you'll find all the information to check them, and more, on the August 28 web page of Today in Science History. Or, try this link first for just the brief answers. Fast answers for the previous newsletter for August 27: ammonia, directly from nitrogen and hydrogen • cyclotron • one penny • Venus fly-by • Pennsylvania.

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