ScienceDaily: Top Health News

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• Surprising variation among genomes of individual neurons from same brain
• Aerobic exercise benefits memory in persons with MS
• New model for organ repair
• Treating gum disease by bringing needed immune cells to inflamed tissue
• Simulation, team training improves performance, patient safety
• Sugar intake not directly related to liver disease
• Double-pronged attack could treat common children's cancer
• Leading cause of heart disease ignored in North America's poorest communities
• Racism linked with gun ownership and opposition to gun control in white Americans
• 'Immune fingerprints' may help diagnose bacterial infections, guide treatment
• Pregnant women who snore at higher risk for c-sections, delivering smaller babies
• Scientists develop candidate vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus
• Women under 60 with diabetes at much greater risk for heart disease
• Direct link established between stimulus-response learning, substance abuse
• Increasing rate of knee replacements linked to obesity among young
• Scientists discover why newborns get sick so often
• Cellular tail length tells human disease tale
• Study offers new theory of cancer development
• The visual brain colors black and white images
• How protein suicide assure healthy cell structures
• Long-term use of prescription painkillers increases risk of depression
• Hepatitis C treatments not being used for more than half of patients
• Neuroscientists determine how treatment for anxiety disorders silences fear neurons
• Brain researchers discover how retinal neurons claim best connections
• Scientists modify Botox for the treatment of pain
• New knowledge about serious muscle disease
• Europeans do not consume enough vitamins, minerals

Surprising variation among genomes of individual neurons from same brain Posted: 01 Nov 2013 02:23 PM PDT It was once thought that each cell in a person's body possesses the same DNA code and that the particular way the genome is read imparts cell function and defines the individual. For many cell types in our bodies, however, that is an oversimplification. Studies of neuronal genomes published in the past decade have turned up extra or missing chromosomes, or pieces of DNA that can copy and paste themselves throughout the genomes.

Aerobic exercise benefits memory in persons with MS Posted: 01 Nov 2013 09:55 AM PDT A research study provides the first evidence for beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on brain and memory in individuals with multiple sclerosis.

New model for organ repair Posted: 01 Nov 2013 09:55 AM PDT Researchers have a new model for how the kidney repairs itself, a model that adds to a growing body of evidence that mature cells are far more plastic than had previously been imagined.

Treating gum disease by bringing needed immune cells to inflamed tissue Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT The red, swollen and painful gums and bone destruction of periodontal disease could be treated by beckoning the right kind of immune system cells to the inflamed tissues, according to a new animal study. Their findings offer a new therapeutic paradigm for a condition that afflicts 78 million people in the US alone.

Simulation, team training improves performance, patient safety Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT A study conducted by an inter-professional team found that simulation-based operating room team training of medical and nursing students resulted in more effective teamwork by improving attitudes, behaviors, interaction and overall performance leading to potential increased patient safety and better clinical outcomes.

Sugar intake not directly related to liver disease Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT Despite current beliefs, sugar intake is not directly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, according to a new study. Rather, high-calorie diets promote the progression of this serious form of liver disease.

Double-pronged attack could treat common children's cancer Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT A dual-pronged strategy using two experimental cancer drugs together could successfully treat a childhood cancer by inhibiting tumor growth and blocking off the escape routes it uses to become resistant to treatment, finds a new study.

Leading cause of heart disease ignored in North America's poorest communities Posted: 31 Oct 2013 02:55 PM PDT A leading cause of heart disease remains overlooked in North America's most impoverished communities, researchers assert. Chagas disease has rendered a heavy health and economic toll, yet insufficient political and medical support for gathering specific data, providing diagnosis and treatment, and developing new tools has impeded much-needed breakthroughs.

Racism linked with gun ownership and opposition to gun control in white Americans Posted: 31 Oct 2013 02:54 PM PDT A new study has found that higher levels of racism in white Americans is associated with having a gun in the home and greater opposition to gun control policies.

'Immune fingerprints' may help diagnose bacterial infections, guide treatment Posted: 31 Oct 2013 02:54 PM PDT Bacterial infections in dialysis patients leave an "immune fingerprint" that can be used to improve diagnosis and to guide treatment. Routine monitoring of these complex immune fingerprints could benefit patients with different types of infections.

Pregnant women who snore at higher risk for c-sections, delivering smaller babies Posted: 31 Oct 2013 12:34 PM PDT Snoring during pregnancy may be more than a nuisance -- mothers who snored three or more nights a week had a higher risk of poor delivery outcomes.

Scientists develop candidate vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus Posted: 31 Oct 2013 11:27 AM PDT An experimental vaccine to protect against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a leading cause of illness and hospitalization among very young children, elicited high levels of RSV-specific antibodies when tested in animals.

Women under 60 with diabetes at much greater risk for heart disease Posted: 31 Oct 2013 11:06 AM PDT Results of a study found that young and middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes are at much greater risk of coronary artery disease than previously believed.

Direct link established between stimulus-response learning, substance abuse Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:53 AM PDT A neuroscientist has found that the region of the brain involved in stimulus-response learning is directly linked to the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and drugs. More specifically, she discovered that people who resorted to stimulus-response learning smoked more, had double the consumption of alcohol and were more likely to use cannabis.

Increasing rate of knee replacements linked to obesity among young Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:52 AM PDT Contrary to popular myth, it is not the aging Baby Boomer or weekend warrior that is causing the unprecedented increase in knee replacement surgeries. Data gathered by more than 125 orthopedic surgeons from 22 states across the US show a more mundane culprit: rising rates of obesity among those under the age of 65.

Scientists discover why newborns get sick so often Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:52 AM PDT If you think cold and flu season is tough, trying being an infant. A new research finding sheds light on why newborns appear to be so prone to getting sick with viruses -- they are born without one of the key proteins needed to protect them.

Cellular tail length tells human disease tale Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:49 AM PDT A molecular biologist's adventures in pond scum have led her and four student researchers to discover a mutation that can make cilia, the microscopic antennae on our cells, grow too long. When the antennae aren't the right size, the signals captured by them get misinterpreted. The result can be fatal. They have discovered that the regulatory gene CNK2 is present in cilia and controls the length of these hair-like projections.

Study offers new theory of cancer development Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:49 AM PDT Researchers have devised a way to understand patterns of aneuploidy -- an abnormal number of chromosomes -- in tumors and predict which genes in the affected chromosomes are likely to be cancer suppressors or promoters. They propose that aneuploidy is a driver of cancer rather than a result of it.

The visual brain colors black and white images Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:48 AM PDT The perception and processing of color has fascinated neuroscientists for a long time, as our brain influences our perception of it to such a degree that colors could be called an illusion. One mystery was: What happens in the brain when we look at black-and-white photographs? Do our brains fill in the colors?

How protein suicide assure healthy cell structures Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:48 AM PDT Centrioles are tiny structures in the cell that play an important role in cell division and in the assembly of cilia and flagella. Changes in the number of centrioles are involved in diseases, such as cancer or infertility. The manipulation of these structures is being discussed for diagnosis and therapeutics.

Long-term use of prescription painkillers increases risk of depression Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:47 AM PDT The study has discovered a link between chronic use of pain-relieving medication and increase in the risk of developing major depression.

Hepatitis C treatments not being used for more than half of patients Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:46 AM PDT More than half of chronic hepatitis C patients studied in a new research project were not treated for the potentially fatal disease, either because they couldn't withstand current therapies or because they, or their doctors, were waiting for new treatments.

Neuroscientists determine how treatment for anxiety disorders silences fear neurons Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:46 AM PDT Neuroscientists report that exposure therapy, a common treatment for anxiety disorders, remodels an inhibitory junction in the mouse brain. The findings improve the understanding of how exposure therapy suppresses fear responses and may aid in the development of more effective treatments for anxiety disorders.

Brain researchers discover how retinal neurons claim best connections Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:46 AM PDT Scientists have discovered how retinal neurons claim prime real estate in the brain by controlling the abundance of a protein called aggrecan. The discovery could shed light on how to repair the injured brain.

Scientists modify Botox for the treatment of pain Posted: 31 Oct 2013 07:33 AM PDT Scientists have manufactured a new bio-therapeutic molecule that could be used to treat neurological disorders such as chronic pain and epilepsy.

New knowledge about serious muscle disease Posted: 31 Oct 2013 07:33 AM PDT Recent research sheds light on previously unknown facts about muscular dystrophy at molecular level. The breakthrough is hoped to improve future diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Researchers have developed a method that will make it easier to map the proteins that have an important kind of sugar monomer, mannose, attached. This is an important finding, as mannose deficiency can lead to diseases such as muscular dystrophy.

Europeans do not consume enough vitamins, minerals Posted: 31 Oct 2013 06:03 AM PDT A study has analyzed intake of 17 basic micronutrients in people's diets across eight European countries. The results reveal that, although vitamin D is the most extreme case, European citizens - across all age and sex ranges - do not consume sufficient iron, calcium, zinc, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B6 and folic acid.

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