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- New "pendulum" for the ytterbium clock
- Discovery of hair-cell roots suggests the brain modulates sound sensitivity
- Insects have personalities too, research on honey bees indicates
- Breastfed babies less likely to be picky eaters as toddlers
- Publication of the gorilla genome opens window onto human evolution
- Are charismatic leaders born or made?
- Drug Vorinostat helps purge hidden HIV virus, study shows
- New discovery is key to understanding neutrino transformations
- Study Targets Key Molecule to Reverse Kidney Damage in Mice
- Study pinpoints effects of different doses of an ADHD drug; Finds higher doses may harm learning
- McGill researchers crack degeneration process that leads to Alzheimer’s
- Ultrafast sonograms shed new light on rapid phase transitions
- Oldest Organism With Skeleton Discovered in Australia
- The immune response to viral infections
- Discovery of brain's natural resistance to drugs may offer clues to treating addiction
- Caltech biologists locate brain's processing point for acoustic signals essential to human communication
- Scientists save energy by lubricating wood
| New "pendulum" for the ytterbium clock Posted: 09 Mar 2012 07:15 AM PST The faster a clock ticks, the more precise it can be. Due to the fact that lightwaves vibrate faster than microwaves, optical clocks can be more precise than the caesium atomic clocks which presently determine time. The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) is even working on several of such optical clocks simultaneously. The model with one single ytterbium ion caught in an ion trap is now experiencing another increase in accuracy. |
| Discovery of hair-cell roots suggests the brain modulates sound sensitivity Posted: 08 Mar 2012 07:49 PM PST The hair cells of the inner ear have a previously unknown "root" extension that may allow them to communicate with nerve cells and the brain to regulate sensitivity to sound vibrations and head position, researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine have discovered. Their finding is reported online in advance of print in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The hair-like structures, called stereocilia, are fairly rigid and are interlinked at their tops by structures called tip-links. |
| Insects have personalities too, research on honey bees indicates Posted: 08 Mar 2012 07:35 PM PST A new study in Science suggests that thrill-seeking is not limited to humans and other vertebrates. Some honey bees, too, are more likely than others to seek adventure. The brains of these novelty-seeking bees exhibit distinct patterns of gene activity in molecular pathways known to be associated with thrill-seeking in humans, researchers report. |
| Breastfed babies less likely to be picky eaters as toddlers Posted: 08 Mar 2012 07:29 PM PST Babies who are breastfed exclusively for their first six months of life may be less likely to become picky eaters as preschoolers, according to a recent study of 129 mothers and their children. Juhee Kim, a researcher at the University of Illinois, analyzed baseline survey data from the Synergistic Theory and Research on Obesity and Nutrition Group Kids (STRONG Kids) program to determine the implications of infant feeding practices on health behaviors and risks of obesity among 2- and 3-year-old preschool children. |
| Publication of the gorilla genome opens window onto human evolution Posted: 08 Mar 2012 01:49 PM PST The sequence of the gorilla genome is published today, completing the set for the living great apes. The findings provide a unique perspective on our own origins and are an important resource for research into human evolution and biology, as well as gorilla biology and conservation. |
| Are charismatic leaders born or made? Posted: 08 Mar 2012 01:41 PM PST Are leaders successful because of their charisma? Or do they develop charisma by being good leaders? That is the chicken-and-egg question addressed by Prasad Balkundi, assistant professor of organization and human resources in the University at Buffalo School of Management, in a recently published paper in The Journal of Applied Psychology. Balkundi and his co-authors studied how leaders interact with subordinates when they work with small groups and how the leader's interaction affects the group's performance. |
| Drug Vorinostat helps purge hidden HIV virus, study shows Posted: 08 Mar 2012 01:37 PM PST A team of researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have successfully flushed latent HIV infection from hiding, with a drug used to treat certain types of lymphoma. |
| New discovery is key to understanding neutrino transformations Posted: 08 Mar 2012 01:29 PM PST A new discovery provides a crucial key to understanding how neutrinos – ghostly particles with multiple personalities – change identity and may help shed light on why matter exists in the universe. In an announcement today (Thursday, March 8), members of the large international Daya Bay collaboration reported the last of three measurements that describe how the three types, or flavors, of neutrinos blend with one another, providing an explanation for their spooky morphing from one flavor to another, a phenomenon called neutrino oscillation.
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| Study Targets Key Molecule to Reverse Kidney Damage in Mice Posted: 08 Mar 2012 12:28 PM PST In findings that may lead to clinical trials of a promising new drug for kidney disease, researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) and their colleagues have identified a key molecular player and shown how a targeted experimental drug can reverse kidney damage in mouse models of diabetes, high blood pressure, genetic kidney disease, and other kidney injuries. |
| Study pinpoints effects of different doses of an ADHD drug; Finds higher doses may harm learning Posted: 08 Mar 2012 12:25 PM PST New research with monkeys sheds light on how the drug methylphenidate may affect learning and memory in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The results parallel a 1977 finding that a low dose of the drug boosted cognitive performance of children with ADHD, but a higher dose that reduced their hyperactivity also impaired their performance on a memory test. |
| McGill researchers crack degeneration process that leads to Alzheimer’s Posted: 08 Mar 2012 09:48 AM PST A research group led by Dr. A. Claudio Cuello of McGill University's Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, has uncovered a critical process in understanding the degeneration of brain cells sensitive to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study, published in the February issue of the Journal of Neuroscience, suggests that this discovery could help develop alternative AD therapies. |
| Ultrafast sonograms shed new light on rapid phase transitions Posted: 08 Mar 2012 09:42 AM PST  An international team of physicists has developed a method for taking ultrafast “sonograms” that can track the structural changes that take place within solid materials in trillionth-of-a-second intervals as they go through an important physical process called a phase transition. |
| Oldest Organism With Skeleton Discovered in Australia Posted: 08 Mar 2012 08:58 AM PST A team of paleontologists has discovered the oldest animal with a skeleton. Called Coronacollina acula, the organism is between 560 million and 550 million years old, which places it in the Ediacaran period, before the explosion of life and diversification of organisms took place on Earth in the Cambrian. |
| The immune response to viral infections Posted: 08 Mar 2012 08:45 AM PST Many modern vaccines use genetically altered viruses to induce protective immune responses to pathogenic viral strains. A recently published study throws new light on the elements that determine the immunogenic efficacy of antiviral vaccines. The study, undertaken by Professor Gerd Sutter and his group at LMU’s Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses in cooperation with teams at the Paul Ehrlich Institute and the Medical University of Hannover, looked at the factors that are critical for a rapid protective response to vaccines based on Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA). |
| Discovery of brain's natural resistance to drugs may offer clues to treating addiction Posted: 08 Mar 2012 08:38 AM PST A single injection of cocaine or methamphetamine in mice caused their brains to put the brakes on neurons that generate sensations of pleasure, and these cellular changes lasted for at least a week, according to research by scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. |
| Posted: 08 Mar 2012 08:24 AM PST In both animals and humans, vocal signals used for communication contain a wide array of different sounds that are determined by the vibrational frequencies of vocal cords. For example, the pitch of someone's voice, and how it changes as they are speaking, depends on a complex series of varying frequencies. Knowing how the brain sorts out these different frequencies—which are called frequency-modulated (FM) sweeps—is believed to be essential to understanding many hearing-related behaviors, like speech. |
| Scientists save energy by lubricating wood Posted: 08 Mar 2012 08:14 AM PST A little bit of lubrication could make a big energy saving when manufacturing sustainable biofuels and bio-chemicals from timber, according to research published in the journal Green Chemistry this month. Scientists at Imperial College London have demonstrated that a key part of biomass processing could be made 80 per cent more energy-efficient by taking advantage of the slippery properties of fluids called ionic solvents. They say this could reduce the cost of biofuels by 3p per litre, around 10% of its current cost. |
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