Τρίτη 13 Μαρτίου 2012

Science News SciGuru.com

Science News SciGuru.com

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Hydrogen power in real life: clean and energy efficient

Posted: 13 Mar 2012 08:01 AM PDT

Since 2009, a hydrogen powered street cleaning vehicle has been undergoing testing on the streets of Basel. The project is intended to take hydrogen drives out of the laboratory and onto the streets in order to gain experience on using them under practical conditions. The result of the pilot trial: hydrogen as a fuel for municipal utility vehicles saves energy, is environmentally friendly and is technically feasible. In order to make it cost-effective, however, the prices of fuel cells, pressurized storage tanks and electric drives must all drop significantly.

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Liquid-like Copper Ion Material Aids Conversion of Heat to Electricity

Posted: 13 Mar 2012 04:58 AM PDT

Scientists from the Chinese Academy of Science’s Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, in collaboration with scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory, the University of Michigan, and the California Institute of Technology, have identified a new class of high-performance thermoelectric materials — materials that convert heat to electricity or vice versa.

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Could the immune system help recovery from stroke?

Posted: 13 Mar 2012 04:40 AM PDT

Stroke and other diseases and injuries to the brain are often followed by inflammation, caused by a reaction of the body’s immune system.

This reaction has been seen as something that must be combated, but perhaps the immune system could in fact help with recovery following a stroke. A major new EU project, led by Lund University in Sweden and the Weizmann Institute in Israel, is going to study this question.

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Pain: A curse and a blessing

Posted: 13 Mar 2012 04:36 AM PDT

“Pain is both a curse and a blessing”, says Jürgen Sandkühler, Head of the Department of Neurophysiology at the Centre for Brain Research at the MedUni Vienna ahead of the international “Brain Awareness Week”, being held from the 12th to the 16th of March. On the one hand, pain has an important protective function for humans. On the other, there are pains that no longer make any “biological sense”. When these occur, the pain becomes an illness - and can destroy people's quality of life. Sandkühler: “So pain isn't just pain.”

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Increased Honey Bee Diversity Means Fewer Pathogens, More Helpful Bacteria

Posted: 12 Mar 2012 08:07 PM PDT

A novel study of honey bee genetic diversity co-authored by an Indiana University biologist has for the first time found that greater diversity in worker bees leads to colonies with fewer pathogens and more abundant helpful bacteria like probiotic species.

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Mathematical methods help predict movement of oil and ash following environmental disasters

Posted: 12 Mar 2012 07:52 PM PDT

When oil started gushing into the Gulf of Mexico in late April 2010, friends asked George Haller whether he was tracking its movement. That’s because the McGill engineering professor has been working for years on ways to better understand patterns in the seemingly chaotic motion of oceans and air. Meanwhile, colleagues of Josefina Olascoaga in Miami were asking the geophysicist a similar question. Fortunately, she was.

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Program helps heart failure patients avoid or delay transplant

Posted: 12 Mar 2012 02:08 PM PDT

Some patients with advanced heart failure caused by cardiomyopathy, the deterioration of function of the heart muscle, are getting a new lease on life thanks to an innovative treatment program at Jewish Hospital, a part of KentuckyOne Health, and the University of Louisville.

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Forest Service Report Shows Forest Growth in North Outpacing Other Parts of Country

Posted: 12 Mar 2012 02:02 PM PDT

U.S. Forest Service scientists today released an assessment that shows forest land has expanded in northern states during the past century despite a 130-percent population jump and relentless environmental threats.  At the same time, Forest Service researchers caution that threats to forests in the coming decades could undermine these gains.

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Scientists Name Two New Species of Horned Dinosaur

Posted: 12 Mar 2012 01:50 PM PDT

Two new horned dinosaurs have been named based on fossils collected from Alberta, Canada. The new species, Unescopceratops koppelhusae and Gryphoceratops morrisoni, are from the Leptoceratopsidae family of horned dinosaurs. The herbivores lived during the Late Cretaceous period between 75 to 83 million years ago. The specimens are described in research published in the Jan. 24, 2012, online issue of the journal Cretaceous Research.

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UNC study identifies pockets of high cervical cancer rates in North Carolina

Posted: 12 Mar 2012 01:32 PM PDT

A study of cervical cancer incidence and mortality in North Carolina has revealed areas where rates are unusually high.

The findings indicate that education, screening, and vaccination programs in those places could be particularly useful, according to public health researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, who authored the report.

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Lifestyle changes for obese patients linked to modest weight loss

Posted: 12 Mar 2012 01:25 PM PDT

A program that helps obese patients improve healthy behaviors is associated with modest weight loss and improved blood pressure control in a high-risk, low-income group, according to researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Duke University, Harvard University and other institutions.

The research is published March 12 in Archives of Internal Medicine.

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HIV/AIDS vaccine shows long-term protection against multiple exposures in nonhuman primates

Posted: 12 Mar 2012 01:07 PM PDT

An Atlanta research collaboration may be one step closer to finding a vaccine that will provide long-lasting protection against repeated exposures to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Scientists at Emory University and GeoVax Labs, Inc. developed a vaccine that has protected nonhuman primates against multiple exposures to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) given in three clusters over more than three years. SIV is the nonhuman primate version of HIV.

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Touch of gold improves nanoparticle fuel-cell reactions

Posted: 12 Mar 2012 01:02 PM PDT

Chemists at Brown University have created a triple-headed metallic nanoparticle that reportedly performs better and lasts longer than any other nanoparticle catalyst studied in fuel-cell reactions. The key is the addition of gold: It yields a more uniform crystal structure while removing carbon monoxide from the reaction. Results published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.

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UCLA scientists find way to repair mutations in human mitochondria

Posted: 12 Mar 2012 12:44 PM PDT

Researchers at the UCLA stem cell center and the departments of chemistry and biochemistry and pathology and laboratory medicine have identified, for the first time, a generic way to correct mutations in human mitochondrial DNA by targeting corrective RNAs, a finding with implications for treating a host of mitochondrial diseases.

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Scientists document first consumption of abundant life form, Archaea

Posted: 12 Mar 2012 12:30 PM PDT

A team of scientists has documented for the first time that animals can and do consume Archaea – a type of single-celled microorganism thought to be among the most abundant life forms on Earth.

Archaea that consume the greenhouse gas methane were in turn eaten by worms living at deep-sea cold seeps off Costa Rica and the West Coast of the United States. Archaea perform many key ecosystem services including being involved with nitrogen cycling, and they are known to be the main mechanism by which marine methane is kept out of the atmosphere.

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NASA's Goddard, Glenn Centers Look to Lift Space Astronomy out of the Fog

Posted: 12 Mar 2012 12:21 PM PDT

A fogbank is the least useful location for a telescope, yet today's space observatories effectively operate inside one. That's because Venus, Earth and Mars orbit within a vast dust cloud produced by comets and occasional collisions among asteroids. After the sun, this so-called zodiacal cloud is the solar system's most luminous feature, and its light has interfered with infrared, optical and ultraviolet observations made by every astronomical space mission to date.

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Tweens just say 'maybe' to cigarettes and alcohol

Posted: 12 Mar 2012 11:40 AM PDT

When it comes to prevention of substance use in our tween population, turning our kids on to thought control may just be the answer to getting them to say no.

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Shok-Pak and Autodigestion: A life-saving treatment for septic shock go to clinical trial

Posted: 12 Mar 2012 11:19 AM PDT

A Phase 2 clinical pilot study will be initiated this month to test the efficacy and safety of a new use, and method of administering, an enzyme inhibitor (commercial name, Shok-Pak) for new onset sepsis and septic shock. This is based upon the finding that the digestive enzymes in the lumen of the intestine are involved in inflammation and multi-organ failure. The digestive enzymes when leaked into the blood promote a process called Autodigestion.

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Insulin, Nutrition Prevent Blood Stem Cell Differentiation in Fruit Flies

Posted: 12 Mar 2012 10:53 AM PDT

UCLA stem cell researchers have shown that insulin and nutrition keep blood stem cells from differentiating into mature blood cells in Drosophila, the common fruit fly, a finding that has implications for studying inflammatory response and blood development in response to dietary changes in humans.

Keeping blood stem cells, or progenitor cells, from differentiating into blood cells is important as they are needed to create the blood supply for the adult fruit fly.

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Salk scientists' discovery explains how a class of chemotherapy drugs works

Posted: 12 Mar 2012 10:43 AM PDT

The well-being of living cells requires specialized squads of proteins that maintain order. Degraders chew up worn-out proteins, recyclers wrap up damaged organelles, and-most importantly-DNA repair crews restitch anything that resembles a broken chromosome. If repair is impossible, the crew foreman calls in executioners to annihilate a cell. As unsavory as this last bunch sounds, failure to summon them is one aspect of what makes a cancer cell a cancer cell.

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