Science News SciGuru.com |  |
- Possible improvement tuberculosis vaccine discovered
- Lead from gasoline discovered in Indian Ocean
- Communication scheme makes popular applications ‘gracefully mobile’
- Rewriting Quantum Chips with a Beam of Light
- Sometimes, cheating is allowed
- Australopithecus sediba had plant foods on the menu
- Regulation of telomerase in stem cells and cancer cells
- Interacting mutations promote diversity
- Taking the fate of stem cells in hand: Researchers generate immature nerve cells
- Dietary fiber alters gut bacteria, supports gastrointestinal health
- A step toward minute factories that produce medicine inside the body
- Menopausal women could 'work out' their hot flashes
- Brain scans detect early signs of autism
- Penn Researchers Show ‘Neural Fingerprints’ of Memory Associations
- First 3D Nanoscale Optical Cavities from Metamaterials
| Possible improvement tuberculosis vaccine discovered Posted: 28 Jun 2012 06:59 AM PDT Researchers at the Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), part of VU University Amsterdam and VU University Medical Center, have made an important discovery about how the tuberculosis bacterium’s protein transport system works. They also discovered a number of bacterial proteins that use this mechanism. These newly discovered proteins are essential to the tuberculosis bacterium’s survival inside its host, which makes them potential candidates for an improved tuberculosis vaccine. |
| Lead from gasoline discovered in Indian Ocean Posted: 28 Jun 2012 06:17 AM PDT Since the 1970s, leaded gasoline has been slowly phased out worldwide, as studies have shown that lead can cause neurological and cardiovascular damage and degrade vehicles’ catalytic converters. Today, 185 countries have stopped using leaded gasoline; six others, including Afghanistan, Iraq and North Korea, plan to phase it out in the next two years. But while leaded gasoline usage has decreased drastically in the last few decades, lead is still pervasive in the environment. |
| Communication scheme makes popular applications ‘gracefully mobile’ Posted: 28 Jun 2012 06:09 AM PDT The Secure Shell, or SSH, is a popular program that lets computer users log onto remote machines. Software developers use it for large collaborative projects, students use it to work from university servers, customers of commercial cloud-computing services use it access their accounts, and system administrators use it to manage computers on their networks. |
| Rewriting Quantum Chips with a Beam of Light Posted: 28 Jun 2012 05:41 AM PDT The promise of ultrafast quantum computing has moved a step closer to reality with a technique to create rewritable computer chips using a beam of light. Researchers from The City College of New York (CCNY) and the University of California Berkeley (UCB) used light to control the spin of an atom’s nucleus in order to encode information. |
| Sometimes, cheating is allowed Posted: 28 Jun 2012 05:07 AM PDT No lying, cheating or forging parents’ signatures – school children basically want to be honest. Depending on the school situation, however, they make exceptions and adopt unconventional honesty rules. Then they are sometimes dishonest to get a better mark. |
| Australopithecus sediba had plant foods on the menu Posted: 28 Jun 2012 04:56 AM PDT The first direct evidence of what our earliest ancestors actually ate has been discovered due to a two-million-year-old mishap that befell two early members of the human family tree. Amanda Henry of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and co-workers determined the diet of these hominins by looking at patterns of dental wear and analysing tiny plant fragments on their teeth. |
| Regulation of telomerase in stem cells and cancer cells Posted: 28 Jun 2012 04:47 AM PDT Scientists at the Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics in Freiburg have gained important insights for stem cell research which are also applicable to human tumours and could lead to the development of new treatments. As Rolf Kemler’s research group discovered, a molecular link exists between the telomerase that determines the length of the telomeres and a signalling pathway known as the Wnt/β-signalling pathway. Telomeres are the end caps of chromosomes that play a very important role in the stability of the genome. |
| Interacting mutations promote diversity Posted: 28 Jun 2012 04:43 AM PDT Genetic diversity arises through the interplay of mutation, selection and genetic drift. In most scientific models, mutants have a fitness value which remains constant throughout. Based on this value, they compete with other types in the population and either die out or become established. However, evolutionary game theory considers constant fitness values to be a special case. It holds that the fitness of a mutation also depends on the frequency of the mutation. |
| Taking the fate of stem cells in hand: Researchers generate immature nerve cells Posted: 28 Jun 2012 04:36 AM PDT Ruhr-Universität Bochum biologists have deliberately transformed stem cells from the spinal cord of mice into immature nerve cells. This was achieved by changing the cellular environment, known as the extracellular matrix, using the substance sodium chlorate. Via sugar side chains, the extracellular matrix determines which cell type a stem cell can generate. “Influencing precursor cells pharmacologically so that they transform into a particular type of cell can help in cell replacement therapies in future” says Prof. Dr. |
| Dietary fiber alters gut bacteria, supports gastrointestinal health Posted: 27 Jun 2012 04:20 PM PDT A University of Illinois study shows that dietary fiber promotes a shift in the gut toward different types of beneficial bacteria. And the microbes that live in the gut, scientists now believe, can support a healthy gastrointestinal tract as well as affect our susceptibility to conditions as varied as type 2 diabetes, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, and autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. |
| A step toward minute factories that produce medicine inside the body Posted: 27 Jun 2012 08:46 AM PDT Scientists are reporting an advance toward treating disease with minute capsules containing not drugs — but the DNA and other biological machinery for making the drug. In an article in ACS' journal Nano Letters, they describe engineering micro- and nano-sized capsules that contain the genetically coded instructions, plus the read-out gear and assembly line for protein synthesis that can be switched on with an external signal. |
| Menopausal women could 'work out' their hot flashes Posted: 27 Jun 2012 08:42 AM PDT Menopausal women who exercise may experience fewer hot flashes in the 24 hours following physical activity, according to health researchers. |
| Brain scans detect early signs of autism Posted: 27 Jun 2012 08:36 AM PDT A new study shows significant differences in brain development in high-risk infants who develop autism starting as early as age 6 months. The findings published in the American Journal of Psychiatry reveal that this abnormal brain development may be detected before the appearance of autism symptoms in an infant’s first year of life. Autism is typically diagnosed around the age of 2 or 3. |
| Penn Researchers Show ‘Neural Fingerprints’ of Memory Associations Posted: 27 Jun 2012 08:31 AM PDT Researchers have long been interested in discovering the ways that human brains represent thoughts through a complex interplay of electrical signals. Recent improvements in brain recording and statistical methods have given researchers unprecedented insight into the physical processes underlying thoughts. For example, researchers have begun to show that it is possible to use brain recordings to reconstruct aspects of an image or movie clip someone is viewing, a sound someone is hearing or even the text someone is reading. |
| First 3D Nanoscale Optical Cavities from Metamaterials Posted: 27 Jun 2012 08:28 AM PDT The world’s smallest three-dimensional optical cavities with the potential to generate the world’s most intense nanolaser beams have been created by a scientific team led by researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley. |
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