Πέμπτη 13 Σεπτεμβρίου 2012

Newsletter for Thursday 13 September

 

Newsletter - September 13 - Today in Science History  

TODAY IN SCIENCE HISTORY
NEWSLETTER - SEPTEMBER 13
Before you look at today's web page, see if you can answer some of these questions about the events that happened on this day. Some of the names are very familiar. Others will likely stump you. Tickle your curiosity with these questions, then check your answers on today's web page.
The Ice King - Frederic TudorOn 13 Sep 1833, Frederic Tudor delivered the first imported ice to Calcutta from the USA, harvested from ponds frozen in winter. Today's Science Store picks describe his fascinating enterprise before the time of refrigeration. He created an industry and made a fortune. This unknown part of history makes a rivetting read in The Frozen Water Trade, by Gavin Weightman (New $13.95 Price: $11.16) and The Ice King: Frederic Tudor, by Carl Seaburg (Price: $24.95). 
Yesterday's pick: The Chip : How Two Americans Invented the Microchip and Launched a Revolution. For picks from earlier newsletters, see the Today in Science Science Store home page.
Quotations for Today
"There are not chemists there, just a lot of paper hangers" - Robert Robinson, British Nobel prize-winning chemist (born 13 Sep 1886) referring to Frederick Sanger when, during the 1950s, Todd and co-workers were using paper chromatography to investigate degradation products of vitamin B12.

"When experimental results are found to be in confliuct with those of an earlier investigator, the matter is often taken too easily and disposed of for an instance by pointing out a possible source of error in the experiments of the predessessor, but without wnquiring whether the error, if present, would be quantitatively sufficient to explain the discrepancy. I thnk that disagreement with former results should never be taken easily, but every effort should be made to find a true explanation." - August Krogh, Danish Nobel prize-winning physiologist (died 13 Sep 1949)

QUIZ
Births
An American manufacturer was born 13 Sep 1857 who in 1903 began building what became the world's largest chocolate manufacturing plant. He used his fortune philathropically.
Can you name this man?
Hans Christian Joachim Gram, a Danish pharmacologist and pathologist, born 13 Sep 1853, invented the Gram stain.
What is the Gram stain's use?
Walter Reed, born 13 Sep 1851, was a US Army pathologist and bacteriologist after whom the Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D.C., was named in his honour.
What was his achievement?
Events
On 13 Sep 1826, the first animal of its kind to be exhibited in the U.S. was shown at Peale's Museum and gallery of the Fine Arts in New York City. An advertisement described, "its body and limbs are covered with a skin so hard and impervious that ...it will turn the edge of a scimitar and even resist the force of a musket ball." 
Which animal was this?
Answers
When you have your answers ready to all the questions above, you'll find all the information to check them, and more, on the September 13 web page of Today in Science History.

Or, try this link first for just the brief answers.


Fast answers for the previous newsletter for September 12: polio; neptunium and plutonium; discovery of artificially produced radioactive elements; Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases (1852); Mae C. Jemison; prehistoric art depicting animals which dated back to 15,000 BC.
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