ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Nearly everyone uses piezoelectrics: Now scientists know more about how they actually work
• Researchers develop new tool to identify genetic risk factors
• Cell cycle speed is key to making aging cells young again
• Precise gene editing in monkeys paves the way for valuable human disease models
• Antipsychotic prescription for children, adolescents
• Climate study projects major changes in vegetation distribution by 2100
• World's first butterfly bacteria sequenced: Suprising events found during metamorphosis
• Make childbirth safer in Indonesia: Report
• Parkinson's gene: Nerve growth factor halts mitochondrial degeneration
• Antibiotic 'smart bomb' can target specific strains of bacteria
• Bones of a previously unknown species prove to be one of the oldest seabirds
• Researchers find novel approach for controlling deadly C. difficile infections
• 'Bubble CPAP' boosts neonatal survival rates: Helps babies struggling to breathe
• Vitamin A used in acne medicines may help autoimmune, transplant patients
• Engineered cardiac tissue model developed to study human heart
• Engineered virus effective against triple negative breast cancer cells, study shows
• Integration brings quantum computer a step closer
• Mysterious ocean circles off the Baltic coast explained
• Thyroid cancer cells become less aggressive in outer space
• Self-aligning DNA wires for application in nanoelectronics
• Wallaby's perception of color is more similar to a dog than a quokka
• Raining cats and dogs: The challenges of running for political office in the past
• First report of management of pediatric trauma in England, Wales
• Robot with a taste for beer? Electronic tongue can identify brands of beer
• Ambulance checklists, feedback improve emergency care for stroke, heart attack patients
• Geranium extracts inhibit HIV-1
• Mirror-image nucleic acids as molecular scissors in biotechnology and molecular medicine
• Photon recoil provides new insight into matter: New precision spectroscopy allows unprecedented accuracy
• Gastric banding patients should closely monitor nutrition following surgery
• Disappearing snow increases risk of collapsing ice shelves in Antarctica
• Infants know plants provide food, but need to see they're safe to eat
• Blood and lymphatic capillaries grown for the first time in the lab
• Having a baby after fertility issues improves couples' chances of staying together
• Dinosaur fossils from China help researchers describe new 'Titan'
• Connectedness, human use of buildings shape indoor bacterial communities
• Slow reaction time linked with early death
• Deaths attributed directly to climate change cast pall over penguins
• Zebrafish use sunscreen also for camouflage
• Concerned about the health risk of soda?
• A simple new way to induce pluripotency: Acid
• Findings point to potential treatment for virus causing childhood illnesses
• Sea level variations escalating along eastern Gulf of Mexico coast
• From rivers to landslides: Charting the slopes of sediment transport
• Puzzling question in bacterial immune system answered
• Novel genes determine division of labor in insect societies
• Physicists create synthetic magnetic monopoles in the lab
• Breakthrough in rechargeable batteries: New twist to sodium-ion battery technology
• Anti-soiling coating keeps solar reflectors clean and efficient
• Obesity-induced fatty liver disease reversed in mice
• Vaccine used to treat cervical precancers triggers immune cell response
• Triassic-age 'swamp monster': Rare female phytosaur skull found in West Texas more than 200 million years old
• Researchers trace path of bat killer: White Nose Syndrome
• 'Rogue' asteroids may be the norm
• Modeling buildings by the millions: Building codes in China tested for energy savings
• Businesses: Don't forget customers after mergers
• Blood test developed for devastating disease of boas, pythons
• Unknown aquatic sponge bacteria, a chemical factory
• Neanderthal lineages excavated from modern human genomes
• Neanderthals' genetic legacy: Humans inherited variants affecting disease risk, infertility, skin and hair characteristics
• First weather map of brown dwarf: Surface of nearest brown dwarf charted

Nearly everyone uses piezoelectrics: Now scientists know more about how they actually work Posted: 30 Jan 2014 10:31 AM PST Piezoelectrics, materials that can change mechanical stress to electricity and back again, are everywhere in modern life. Computer hard drives. Loudspeakers. Medical ultrasound. Sonar. But there are major gaps in our understanding of how they work. Now researchers believe they've learned why one of the main classes of these materials, known as relaxors, behaves in distinctly different ways from the rest. The discovery comes in the shape of a butterfly.

Researchers develop new tool to identify genetic risk factors Posted: 30 Jan 2014 09:16 AM PST Researchers developed a new biological pathway-based computational model, called the Pathway-based Human Phenotype Network, to identify underlying genetic connections between different diseases. The Pathway-based Human Phenotype Network mines the data present in large publicly available disease datasets to find shared SNPs, genes, or pathways and expresses them in a visual form.

Cell cycle speed is key to making aging cells young again Posted: 30 Jan 2014 09:16 AM PST Researchers identified a major obstacle to converting cells back to their youthful state -- the speed of the cell cycle, or the time required for a cell to divide. When the cell cycle accelerates to a certain speed, the barriers that keep a cell's fate on one path diminish. In such a state, cells are easily persuaded to change their identity and become pluripotent, or capable of becoming multiple cell types.

Precise gene editing in monkeys paves the way for valuable human disease models Posted: 30 Jan 2014 09:16 AM PST Monkeys are important for modeling diseases because of their close similarities to humans, but past efforts to precisely modify genes in primates have failed. Researchers have now achieved precise gene modification in monkeys for the first time using an efficient and reliable approach known as the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The study opens promising new avenues for the development of more effective treatments for a range of human diseases.

Antipsychotic prescription for children, adolescents Posted: 30 Jan 2014 09:13 AM PST Increasing numbers of children and adolescents are being given antipsychotic drugs in Germany, as Christian Bachmann and colleagues found out in a study. The authors used routine insurance data of the Barmer GEK statutory health insurance company to analyze antipsychotic prescriptions for this age group from 2005 to 2012.

Climate study projects major changes in vegetation distribution by 2100 Posted: 30 Jan 2014 09:13 AM PST An international research team has determined the distribution of species of vegetation over nearly half the world's land area could be affected by predicted global warming.

World's first butterfly bacteria sequenced: Suprising events found during metamorphosis Posted: 30 Jan 2014 08:10 AM PST For the first time ever, scientists have sequenced the internal bacterial makeup of the three major life stages of a butterfly species, a project that showed some surprising events occur during metamorphosis.

Make childbirth safer in Indonesia: Report Posted: 30 Jan 2014 08:09 AM PST A joint report by US and Indonesian experts provides recommendations to improve the survival of mothers and newborns in Indonesia. That nation, a rising power, must invest in medical infrastructure including facilities and transportation, according to the report.

Parkinson's gene: Nerve growth factor halts mitochondrial degeneration Posted: 30 Jan 2014 08:09 AM PST Neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease involve the death of thousands of neurons in the brain. Nerve growth factors produced by the body, such as GDNF, promote the survival of the neurons; however, clinical tests with GDNF have not yielded in any clear improvements. Scientists have now succeeded in demonstrating that GDNF and its receptor Ret also promote the survival of mitochondria, the power plants of the cell. By activating the Ret receptor, the scientists were able to prevent in flies and human cell cultures the degeneration of mitochondria, which is caused by a gene defect related to Parkinson's disease.

Antibiotic 'smart bomb' can target specific strains of bacteria Posted: 30 Jan 2014 08:09 AM PST Researchers have developed a de facto antibiotic "smart bomb" that can identify specific strains of bacteria and sever their DNA, eliminating the infection. The technique offers a potential approach to treat infections by multi-drug resistant bacteria.

Bones of a previously unknown species prove to be one of the oldest seabirds Posted: 30 Jan 2014 08:08 AM PST Fossils discovered in Canterbury, New Zealand reveal the nature of one of the world's oldest flying seabirds. Thought to have lived between 60.5 and 61.6 million years ago, the fossil is suggested to have formed shortly after the extinction of dinosaurs and many marine organisms.

Researchers find novel approach for controlling deadly C. difficile infections Posted: 30 Jan 2014 07:21 AM PST Researchers have revealed the first molecular views showing how highly specific antibodies derived from llamas may provide a new method for controlling deadly infections from the opportunistic bacterial pathogen Clostridium difficile.

'Bubble CPAP' boosts neonatal survival rates: Helps babies struggling to breathe Posted: 30 Jan 2014 07:21 AM PST The first clinical study of a low-cost neonatal breathing system demonstrated that the device increased the survival rate of newborns with severe respiratory illness from 44 percent to 71 percent. A 10-month study of 87 patients in Blantyre, Malawi, found that treatment with low-cost "bubble CPAP" increased survival for severely ill premature babies as much as fourfold.

Vitamin A used in acne medicines may help autoimmune, transplant patients Posted: 30 Jan 2014 07:21 AM PST The same form of Vitamin A used by teenagers to combat acne might offer benefits that are more than skin deep. That's because an international team of researchers have found that it may also help keep the immune system under control for people with autoimmune disorders or those who have received transplants.

Engineered cardiac tissue model developed to study human heart Posted: 30 Jan 2014 07:21 AM PST When it comes to finding cures for heart disease, scientists have finally developed a tissue model for the human heart that can bridge the gap between animal models and human patients. Specifically, the researchers generated the tissue from human embryonic stem cells with the resulting muscle having significant similarities to human heart muscle.

Engineered virus effective against triple negative breast cancer cells, study shows Posted: 30 Jan 2014 07:20 AM PST Scientists have discovered a potential cure for one of the most aggressive and least treatable forms of breast cancer called "triple negative breast cancer."

Integration brings quantum computer a step closer Posted: 30 Jan 2014 07:20 AM PST Scientists have made an important advance towards a quantum computer by shrinking down key components and integrating them onto a silicon microchip.

Mysterious ocean circles off the Baltic coast explained Posted: 30 Jan 2014 07:20 AM PST Are they bomb craters from World War II? Are they landing marks for aliens? Since the first images of the mysterious ocean circles off the Baltic coast of Denmark were taken in 2008, people have tried to find an explanation. Now researchers finally present a scientific explanation.

Thyroid cancer cells become less aggressive in outer space Posted: 30 Jan 2014 07:20 AM PST For those who think that space exploration offers no tangible benefits, new research involving thyroid cancer may prove otherwise. Researchers show that some tumors which are aggressive on earth are considerably less aggressive in microgravity. By understanding the genetic and cellular processes that occur in space, scientists may be able to develop treatments that accomplish the same thing on Earth.

Self-aligning DNA wires for application in nanoelectronics Posted: 30 Jan 2014 07:20 AM PST Since miniaturization in microelectronics is starting to reach physical limits, researchers seek new methods for device fabrication. One candidate is DNA origami in which strands of the biomolecule self-assemble into arbitrarily shaped nanostructures. The formation of entire circuits, however, requires the controlled positioning of these DNA structures on a surface -- which is only possible using elaborate techniques. Researchers have come up with a simpler strategy which combines DNA origami with self-organized pattern formation.

Wallaby's perception of color is more similar to a dog than a quokka Posted: 30 Jan 2014 07:20 AM PST Biologists have recently discovered that a wallaby's perception of color is more similar to a dog than a quokka, sparking questions as to why marsupial color vision has evolved so selectively. By developing a pokies-like game for the wallabies, the research was able to determine exactly what the animals saw and how their color perception differed from other species.

Raining cats and dogs: The challenges of running for political office in the past Posted: 30 Jan 2014 06:29 AM PST Modern politicians may feel they have it tough -- but they should thank their lucky stars they weren't standing for election in the Westminster constituency in 1741. On that occasion, angry voters pelted the candidates and the tellers with dead cats and dogs, dirt, stones and sticks.

First report of management of pediatric trauma in England, Wales Posted: 30 Jan 2014 06:29 AM PST Over 4,700 children in England and Wales under the age of 16 suffered significant injuries in 2012. The report looks at 737 children with the most severe injuries.

Robot with a taste for beer? Electronic tongue can identify brands of beer Posted: 30 Jan 2014 06:28 AM PST Researchers have managed to distinguish between different varieties of beer using an electronic tongue. The discovery is accurate in almost 82% of cases. Beer is the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drink in the world.

Ambulance checklists, feedback improve emergency care for stroke, heart attack patients Posted: 30 Jan 2014 06:28 AM PST The introduction of checklists and better feedback for ambulance crews as part of a national quality improvement project has significantly improved the standard of care for heart attack and stroke patients across England, a major new study has shown.

Geranium extracts inhibit HIV-1 Posted: 30 Jan 2014 06:28 AM PST Extracts of the geranium plant Pelargonium sidoides inactivate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and prevent the virus from invading human cells. Scientists report that these extracts represent a potential new class of anti-HIV-1 agents for the treatment of AIDS.

Mirror-image nucleic acids as molecular scissors in biotechnology and molecular medicine Posted: 30 Jan 2014 06:28 AM PST Biochemist have now created mirror-image enzymes -- so-called Spiegelzymes -- out of nucleic acids. The Spiegelzymes can be used in living cells for the targeted cutting of natural nucleic acids.

Photon recoil provides new insight into matter: New precision spectroscopy allows unprecedented accuracy Posted: 30 Jan 2014 06:28 AM PST Quantum logic spectroscopy has now been significantly extended: the new method is called "photon-recoil spectroscopy" (PRS). In contrast to the original quantum logic technique, the new method enables the investigation of very fast transitions in atoms or molecules. With this new method, spectroscopic investigations will be possible on nearly any kind of particles.

Gastric banding patients should closely monitor nutrition following surgery Posted: 30 Jan 2014 06:14 AM PST Patients who have had bariatric surgery may need to take dietary supplements and pay closer attention to their nutritional intake, a study suggests.

Disappearing snow increases risk of collapsing ice shelves in Antarctica Posted: 30 Jan 2014 01:08 AM PST A number of floating ice shelves in Antarctica are at risk of disappearing entirely in the next 200 years, as global warming reduces their snow cover. Their collapse would enhance the discharge of ice into the oceans and increase the rate at which sea-level rises. A rapid reduction of greenhouse gas emissions could save a number of these ice shelves, researchers say.

Infants know plants provide food, but need to see they're safe to eat Posted: 30 Jan 2014 01:08 AM PST Infants as young as six months old tend to expect that plants are food sources, but only after an adult shows them that the food is safe to eat, according to new research.

Blood and lymphatic capillaries grown for the first time in the lab Posted: 30 Jan 2014 01:07 AM PST Researchers have engineered skin cells for the very first time containing blood and lymphatic capillaries. They succeeded in isolating all the necessary types of skin cells from human skin tissue and engineering a skin graft that is similar to full-thickness skin.

Having a baby after fertility issues improves couples' chances of staying together Posted: 30 Jan 2014 01:07 AM PST New research reveals that women who have a child after experiencing fertility problems are more likely to remain with their partner following infertility evaluations. The findings indicate that after 12 years of follow-up, nearly 27% of women were no longer living with the partner, which they had at the time of fertility evaluation, if they did not have a child.

Dinosaur fossils from China help researchers describe new 'Titan' Posted: 29 Jan 2014 03:48 PM PST Paleontologists have characterized a new dinosaur based on fossil remains found in northwestern China. The species, a plant-eating sauropod named Yongjinglong datangi, roamed during the Early Cretaceous period, more than 100 million years ago. This sauropod belonged to a group known as Titanosauria, members of which were among the largest living creatures to ever walk the earth.

Connectedness, human use of buildings shape indoor bacterial communities Posted: 29 Jan 2014 03:48 PM PST Microbes drawn from the dust in a university building have provided clues that could inspire future architectural designers to encourage a healthy indoor environment.

Slow reaction time linked with early death Posted: 29 Jan 2014 03:48 PM PST Having a slow reaction time in midlife increases risk of having died 15 years later, according to new research. Researchers looked at data from more than 5,000 participants, over a 15 year period. A total of 378 (7.4 percent) people in the sample died, but those with slower reaction times were 25 percent more likely to have died (from any cause) compared to those with average reaction times.

Deaths attributed directly to climate change cast pall over penguins Posted: 29 Jan 2014 03:48 PM PST Climate change is killing penguin chicks from the world's largest colony of Magellanic penguins, not just indirectly -- by depriving them of food, as has been repeatedly documented for these and other seabirds -- but directly as a result of drenching rainstorms and, at other times, heat, according to new finding.

Zebrafish use sunscreen also for camouflage Posted: 29 Jan 2014 03:46 PM PST For diurnal animals like zebrafish embryos, which grow up in shallow pools and are practically see-through, exposure to the sun constitutes a major problem since ultraviolet (UV) radiation damages DNA. Neurobiologists set about investigating which mechanisms zebrafish embryos use to protect themselves against the aggressive UV radiation. Interestingly, scientists have found that the UV-protection mechanism also doubles as camouflage.

Concerned about the health risk of soda? Posted: 29 Jan 2014 03:46 PM PST Toxicological insight into the science behind a recent report highlighting levels of a potential carcinogen in carbonated beverages. Scientists analyzed the data to identify whether or not the carcinogen poses a health risk for humans.

A simple new way to induce pluripotency: Acid Posted: 29 Jan 2014 03:44 PM PST An unusual reprogramming phenomenon by which the fate of somatic cells can be drastically altered through changes to the external environment is described in two new articles.

Findings point to potential treatment for virus causing childhood illnesses Posted: 29 Jan 2014 01:55 PM PST Researchers have discovered a potential treatment for a viral infection that causes potentially fatal brain swelling and paralysis in children. The findings also point to possible treatments for related viruses including those that cause "common cold" symptoms.

Sea level variations escalating along eastern Gulf of Mexico coast Posted: 29 Jan 2014 01:55 PM PST Around the globe, sea levels typically rise a little in summer and fall again in winter. Now, a new study shows that, from the Florida Keys to southern Alabama, those fluctuations have been intensifying over the past 20 years.

From rivers to landslides: Charting the slopes of sediment transport Posted: 29 Jan 2014 01:54 PM PST The slope of streambeds has dramatic and unexpected effects on sediment transport. Experimental data from the flume lab show that gravity does not facilitate sediment transport in the expected manner. In very steep streambeds with a 22-degree or higher slope, sediment motion begins not with grains skipping and bouncing along the bottom of the streambed, but rather with a complete bed failure in which all the sediment is abruptly sent hurtling downstream as a debris flow.

Puzzling question in bacterial immune system answered Posted: 29 Jan 2014 01:54 PM PST Researchers have answered a central question about Cas9, an enzyme that plays an essential role in the bacterial immune system and is fast becoming a valuable tool for genetic engineering: How is Cas9 able to precisely discriminate between non-self DNA that must be degraded and self DNA that may be almost identical within genomes that are millions to billions of base pairs long.

Novel genes determine division of labor in insect societies Posted: 29 Jan 2014 01:49 PM PST Novel or highly modified genes play a major role in the development of the different castes within ant colonies. Evolutionary biologists came to this conclusion in a recent gene expression study by looking at the question of how the different female castes arise. An ant colony generally consists of a queen and the workers. Moreover, workers can differ depending on the task they perform, such as brood care, foraging, or nest defense. This behavioral specialization may be accompanied by morphological and physiological differences. Queens, solely responsible for reproduction, can live up to 30 years while workers have life spans ranging from a few months to several years. In some species there are also soldier ants, which can weigh up to 100 times more than their worker sisters who take care of the brood.

Physicists create synthetic magnetic monopoles in the lab Posted: 29 Jan 2014 01:48 PM PST Researchers have created and photographed synthetic magnetic monopoles under lab conditions. The development lays the foundation for the underlying structure of the natural magnetic monopole – the detection of which would be a revolutionary event comparable to the discovery of the electron.

Breakthrough in rechargeable batteries: New twist to sodium-ion battery technology Posted: 29 Jan 2014 01:46 PM PST Engineers have made a breakthrough in rechargeable battery applications. They have demonstrated that a composite paper -- made of interleaved molybdenum disulfide and graphene nanosheets -- can be both an active material to efficiently store sodium atoms and a flexible current collector. The newly developed composite paper can be used as a negative electrode in sodium-ion batteries.

Anti-soiling coating keeps solar reflectors clean and efficient Posted: 29 Jan 2014 01:46 PM PST Scientists are developing a low-cost, transparent, anti-soiling coating for solar reflectors to optimize energy efficiency while lowering operating and maintenance costs and avoiding negative environmental impacts.

Obesity-induced fatty liver disease reversed in mice Posted: 29 Jan 2014 12:10 PM PST Researchers have discovered that valproic acid, a widely prescribed drug for treating epilepsy, has the additional benefits of reducing fat accumulation in the liver and lowering blood sugar levels in the blood of obese mice.

Vaccine used to treat cervical precancers triggers immune cell response Posted: 29 Jan 2014 12:07 PM PST Preliminary results of a small clinical trial show that a vaccine used to treat women with high-grade precancerous cervical lesions triggers an immune cell response within the damaged tissue itself. The scientists who conducted the trial said the finding is significant because measuring immune system responses directly in the lesions may be a more accurate way to evaluate so-called "therapeutic" vaccines than by the conventional means of blood analysis.

Triassic-age 'swamp monster': Rare female phytosaur skull found in West Texas more than 200 million years old Posted: 29 Jan 2014 11:56 AM PST In the dangerous waters of an ancient oxbow lake created by a flooded and unnamed meandering river, the female phytosaur died and sank to the bottom 205 million years ago. About 40 yards away the remains of a larger male also came to rest, and both disappeared in a tomb of soil and sediment. Evidence for the cause of their deaths and the rest of their bodies have vanished with time, but their skulls remained. After careful research, a paleontologist says he and others have discovered a new species of the Triassic-age monster in the wilds of West Texas.

Researchers trace path of bat killer: White Nose Syndrome Posted: 29 Jan 2014 10:51 AM PST As North American bats face a death toll approaching 7 million, scientists reveal new clues about their killer, White Nose Syndrome, or WNS. The researchers reveal that the deadly WNS fungus can likely survive in caves with or without the presence of bats and threatens the regional extinction of North American bats.

'Rogue' asteroids may be the norm Posted: 29 Jan 2014 10:51 AM PST A new map developed by astronomers charts the size, composition, and location of more than 100,000 asteroids throughout the solar system, and shows that rogue asteroids are actually more common than previously thought. Particularly in the solar system's main asteroid belt -- between Mars and Jupiter -- the researchers found a compositionally diverse mix of asteroids.

Modeling buildings by the millions: Building codes in China tested for energy savings Posted: 29 Jan 2014 10:50 AM PST China can build its way to a more energy efficient future -- one house, apartment and retail store at a time -- by improving the rules regulating these structures, according to a new study. Scientists have created a unique model that projects how much energy can be saved with changes to China's building energy codes.

Businesses: Don't forget customers after mergers Posted: 29 Jan 2014 10:50 AM PST Merging companies that focus on a dual-goal emphasis of simultaneously enhancing efficiency and customer satisfaction show the highest increase in long-term financial performance, according to a new study. "However, achieving a dual emphasis is very difficult," the study's authors said. "Managers need to be prepared with a realistic timetable and implementation plan."

Blood test developed for devastating disease of boas, pythons Posted: 29 Jan 2014 10:50 AM PST Researchers have developed a simple immune-based screening test to identify the presence of a debilitating and usually fatal disease that strikes boas and pythons in captivity as well as those sold to the pet trade worldwide.

Unknown aquatic sponge bacteria, a chemical factory Posted: 29 Jan 2014 10:50 AM PST A new, unknown strain of bacteria produces most of the bioactive substances that the stony sponge Theonella swinhoei exudes. An international research team describes these natural products, the associated genes and strain of bacteria in a new publication.

Neanderthal lineages excavated from modern human genomes Posted: 29 Jan 2014 10:49 AM PST A substantial fraction of the Neanderthal genome persists in modern human populations. A new approach for analyzing whole-genome sequencing data from 665 people from Europe and East Asia shows that more than 20 percent of the Neanderthal genome survives in the DNA of this contemporary group. Significant amounts of population-level DNA sequences might be obtained from extinct groups even in the absence of fossilized remains, because these archaic sequences might have been inherited by other individuals from whom scientists can gather genomic data.

Neanderthals' genetic legacy: Humans inherited variants affecting disease risk, infertility, skin and hair characteristics Posted: 29 Jan 2014 10:49 AM PST Remnants of Neanderthal DNA in modern humans are associated with genes affecting type 2 diabetes, Crohn's disease, lupus, biliary cirrhosis and smoking behavior. They also concentrate in genes that influence skin and hair characteristics. At the same time, Neanderthal DNA is conspicuously low in regions of the X chromosome and testes-specific genes.

First weather map of brown dwarf: Surface of nearest brown dwarf charted Posted: 29 Jan 2014 10:49 AM PST The European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope has been used to create the first ever map of the weather on the surface of the nearest brown dwarf to Earth. An international team has made a chart of the dark and light features on WISE J104915.57-531906.1B, which is informally known as Luhman 16B and is one of two recently discovered brown dwarfs forming a pair only six light-years from the Sun.

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