Τετάρτη 26 Δεκεμβρίου 2012

Newsletter for Wednesday 26 December

 

Newsletter - December 26 - Today in Science History  

TODAY IN SCIENCE HISTORY
 NEWSLETTER - DECEMBER 26

Before you look at today's web page, see if you can answer some of these questions about the events that happened on this day. Some of the names are very familiar. Others will likely stump you. Tickle your curiosity with these questions, then check your answers on today's web page.
The Difference Engine: Charles Babbage and the Quest to Build the First ComputerOn 26 Dec 1791, Charles Babbage was born, an English mathematician who pioneered mechanical computation. Though he was utlimately frustrated in his search for sufficient funding, he made some progress towards building an enormous machine capable of results with greater integrity than calculations by humans. Today's Science Store pick is The Difference Engine: Charles Babbage and the Quest to Build the First Computer, by Doron Swade, who led a team that built a working model of a Difference Engine, using contemporary materials, in time for Babbage's 1991 bicentenary. This Amazon.com's Best of 2001 is out of print, but still available Used from $1.31(as of time of writing).
For more on Charles Babbage, see this Book List.
Yesterday's pick: Isaac Newton. For picks from earlier newsletters, see the Today in Science Science Store home page.
Quotations for Today
"That science has long been neglected and declining in England, is not an opinion originating with me, but is shared by many, and has been expressed by higher authority than mine." - Charles Babbage (born 26 Dec 1791)

"Miniature moons on carbon points, held captive in glass globes." - Window sign at Wanamaker's department store, Philadelphia, describing its new Brush arc lamps, the first electric lighting installed in an American store (26 Dec 1878)

"When you realize the value of all life, you dwell less on what is past and concentrate more on the preservation of the future." - Dian Fossey, zoologist (murdered 26 Dec 1985)

QUIZ
Births
Clemens Alexander Winkler, born 26 Dec 1838, was a German chemist who discovered a new element that turned out to be the eka-silicon predicted by Dmitry I. Mendeleyev  in 1871.
Which element did Winkler discover?
A British inventor, born 26 Dec 1791, was known to some as the "Father of Computing" for his contributions to the basic design of the computer through his Analytical machine. His previous Difference Engine was a special purpose device intended for the production of tables.
Can you name this inventor?
Deaths
An American zoologist (1932-1985) became the world's leading authority on the mountain gorillas of central Africa. Living a solitary life for many years, she observed the gorillas' habits and gradually gained their acceptance. She wrote Gorillas in the Mist (1983). In 1985, her mutilated body, hacked by machete, was found near the centre. It was suspected that poachers, whose devastating attacks on the gorillas she had tried to stop, were responsible for her murder.
Can you name this researcher?
Events
On 26 Dec 1982, The Man of the Year in Time magazine was a non-human for the first time as 1982's "greatest influence for good or evil.".
What was Time's 1982 "Man of the Year"?
On 26 Dec 1898, Polish-French scientist Marie Sklodowska Curie discovered a new radioactive element while experimenting with pitchblende, a common uranium ore. She had observed that this ore was more radioactive than refined uranium. This indicated that there must be another element, even more radioactive than uranium, mixed in with this ore. 
Which element was this?
Answers
When you have your answers ready to all the questions above, you'll find all the information to check them, and more, on the December 26 web page of Today in Science History.

Or, try this link first for just the brief answers.
 


Fast answers for the previous newsletter for December 25:  electron microscope; sulphur;  Isaac Newton; they are emitted from the backside of holes in a perforated cathode used in a gas discharge tube; wine-bottle opener.
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