Δευτέρα 14 Ιανουαρίου 2013

Newsletter for Monday 14 January

 

Newsletter - January 14 - Today in Science History  

TODAY IN SCIENCE HISTORY
 NEWSLETTER - JANUARY 14

Before you look at today's web page, see if you can answer some of these questions about the events that happened on this day. Some of the names are very familiar. Others will likely stump you. Tickle your curiosity with these questions, then check your answers on today's web page.
Alfred Tarski: Life and LogicOn 14 Jan 1902, Alfred Tarski was born, Polish-American mathematician and logician who made important studies in mathematical logic, set theory, general algebra and measure theory. Today's Science Store pick is Alfred Tarski: Life and Logic, by Anita Burdman. Alfred Tarski, one of the greatest logicians of all time, is widely thought of as 'the man who defined truth'. His mathematical work on the concepts of truth and logical consequence are cornerstones of modern logic, influencing developments in philosophy, linguistics and computer science. The author places Tarski in the social, intellectual and historical context of his times and presents a frank, vivid picture of a personally and professionally passionate man, interlaced with an account of his major scientific achievements. New: $38.00, Price: $30.50. Also available Used from $17.90.
Yesterday's pick: Eject!: The Complete History of U.S. Aircraft Escape Systems. For picks from earlier newsletters, see the Today in Science Science Store home page.
Quotations for Today
"... semantics ... is a sober and modest disciline which has no pretensions of being a universal patent-medicine for all the ills and diseases of mankind, whether imaginary or real. You will not find in semantics any remedy for decayed teeth or illusions of grandeur or class conflict. Nor is semantics a device for establishing that everyone except the speaker and his friends is speaking nonsense." - Alfred Tarski (born 14 Jan 1902) (source)

"Basically, all my life I'd been told you can't do that because you're female. So I guess I just didn't pay any attention. I just went ahead and did what I could and then, when the stars aligned, I was ready." - Shannon Lucid, American biochemist and space-station astronaut (born 14 Jan 1943)

"Long before it became a scientific aspiration to estimate the age of the earth, many elaborate systems of the world chronology had been devised by the sages of antiquity. The most remarkable of these occult time-scales is that of the ancient Hindus, whose astonishing concept of the Earth's duration has been traced back to Manusmriti, a sacred book." - Arthur Holmes, English geologist who determined the age of the earth based on measurement of uranium decay in igneous rocks (born 14 Jan 1890)

QUIZ
Births
David Wesson, born 14 Jan 1861, was an American chemist who created Wesson Oil. He experimented with purifying a certain vegetable oil, and developed a system (1900) to make the pure oil palatable. This type of  vegetable oil was the first used in the U.S. It is a versatile oil prized by chefs for its ability to allow the flavour of foods to come through.
What vegetable oil did Wesson first create?
Deaths
Benjamin Silliman, Jr. (1816-1885) was an American chemist who reported on the potential uses of a new U.S. product, suggesting it especially for illumination.
What product was the subject of his study?
An English logician, mathematician, photographer, and novelist (1832-1898) is especially remembered for his classic children's stories. After graduating from Christ Church College, Oxford in 1854, he remained there, lecturing on mathematics and writing treatises until 1881. 
Can you name of this mathematician?
Events
On 14 Jan of a certain year, Henry Ford announced the newest advance in assembly line production of 'modern' cars. The new continuous motion method reduced assembly time of a car from over 12 hours to 93 minutes.
In what decade was this announcement made?
On 14 Jan 1878, the first demonstration of Alexander Graham Bell's telephone to Queen Victoria at her Osborne House estate. When the Queen saw his telephone, she was much impressed, and ordered a private line to be laid between Osborne House and Buckingham Palace.
Where, off the British mainland, was Queen Victoria's Osbourne House estate?
Answers
When you have your answers ready to all the questions above, you'll find all the information to check them, and more, on the January 14 web page of Today in Science History.

Or, try this link first for just the brief answers.
 


Fast answers for the previous newsletter for January 13: pancreas; such plant materials as sawdust, linen or bark; the decade including the year 1976; pie pans thrown by truck drivers from the Frisbee Pie Co. of Connecticut.
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