ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Tiny swimming bio-bots boldly go where no bot has swum before
• Highly efficient broadband terahertz radiation from metamaterials
• Energy storage in miniaturized capacitors may boost green energy technology
• Smooth sailing: Rough surfaces that can reduce drag
• Evidence of biological basis for religion in human evolution
• Clever chemistry improves new class of antibiotics
• You've got mail: Research reveals workers' worst inbox sins
• High volume of severe sepsis patients may result in better outcomes
• Is Europe equipped with enough medical oncologists? Horizon still unknown
• Researchers run successful HIV intervention project in S. Africa
• Early warning: Internet surveillance predicts disease outbreak
• Chimps can use gestures to communicate in hunt for food
• Chronic neck pain common among car crash victims, but most don't sue
• A new toad from the 'warm valleys' of Peruvian Andes
• Two million people in England eligible for weight loss surgery
• Not just clean but spotless -- Researchers show how cells tidy up
• New insights into facial transplantation
• Study reveals how ecstasy acts on brain, hints at therapeutic uses
• First impact test in years of B61 nonnuclear components
• Searching for magic bullet against cancer caused by asbestos: One step closer?
• Carbon nanotube sponge shows improved water clean-up
• One step at a time, researchers learning how humans walk
• Fighting flies: Brain cells promote fighting in male fruit flies
• Vitamin D supplements reduce pain in fibromyalgia sufferers
• Airport screening queues: Calculating waiting time at security control
• High-quality whey proteins for foodstuffs
• New proposal for better allocation of donated livers in transplants
• Here comes the sun to lower your blood pressure
• Most women undergoing conservative surgery for vulvar cancer maintain healthy body image and sex life
• Genomic study identifies subgroups of breast cancer with varying sensitivities to treatment
• Big-headed fossil flies track major ecological revolution
• Study reveals role of sex in spread of deadly disease
• Same cell death pathway involved in three forms of blindness, study finds
• Special yeast reduce alcohol, improve wine
• Fathers' diet, bodyweight, health at conception may contribute to obesity in offspring
• Sludge as new sentinel for human health risks
• Study finds troubling relationship between drinking, PTSD symptoms in college students
• Silencing inhibitor of cell replication spurs insulin-producing beta cells to reproduce
• Study finds no significant differences between commonly used carotid stenting systems in U.S.
• Urban night shift police more likely to suffer long-term job injuries
• Diet beverages not the solution for weight loss
• Survival rates of kids suffering cardiac arrest improve with new training approach
• Kids teased in pys-ed class exercise less a year later
• Fetal exposure to nicotine increases long-term risk of obesity
• Study associates pro-inflammatory molecules with early death in HIV patients
• Streamflow alteration impacts fish diversity in local rivers
• Breakthrough in understanding secret life of prion molecules
• Chronic intestinal damage raises hip-fracture rate in celiac disease patients
• Traditional Chinese medicines stall progression of diabetes
• Renewable chemical ready for biofuels scale-up
• 'Molecular scaffolding' found that maintains skin structure, organization
• How vision captures sound now somewhat uncertain
• Scientists reveal steps leading to necrotizing fasciitis

Tiny swimming bio-bots boldly go where no bot has swum before Posted: 17 Jan 2014 04:13 PM PST The alien world of aquatic micro-organisms just got new residents: synthetic self-propelled swimming bio-bots. Engineers have developed a class of tiny bio-hybrid machines that swim like sperm, the first synthetic structures that can traverse the viscous fluids of biological environments on their own.

Highly efficient broadband terahertz radiation from metamaterials Posted: 17 Jan 2014 04:13 PM PST Scientists have demonstrated broadband terahertz wave generation using metamaterials. The discovery may help develop noninvasive imaging and sensing, and make possible terahertz-speed information communication, processing and storage.

Energy storage in miniaturized capacitors may boost green energy technology Posted: 17 Jan 2014 12:36 PM PST "Supercapacitors" take the energy-storing abilities of capacitors (which store electrical charge that can be quickly dumped to power devices) a step further, storing a far greater charge in a much smaller package. Researchers have now described the possibility of fabricating a new class of high heat-tolerant electronics that would employ supercapacitors made from a material called calcium-copper-titanate, or CCTO, which the researchers have identified for the first time as a practical energy-storage material.

Smooth sailing: Rough surfaces that can reduce drag Posted: 17 Jan 2014 12:36 PM PST From the sleek hulls of racing yachts to Michael Phelps' shaved legs, most objects that move through the water quickly are smooth. But researchers have found that bumpiness can sometimes be better. They modeled the fluid flow between two surfaces covered with tiny ridges and found that even in turbulent conditions the rough surface reduced the drag created by the friction of flowing water.

Evidence of biological basis for religion in human evolution Posted: 17 Jan 2014 12:36 PM PST In studying the differences in brain interactions between religious and non-religious subjects, researchers conclude there must be a biological basis for the evolution of religion in human societies.

Clever chemistry improves new class of antibiotics Posted: 17 Jan 2014 09:49 AM PST A new class of molecules called acyldepsipeptides -- ADEPs -- may provide a new way to attack bacteria that have developed resistance to antibiotics. Researchers have discovered a way to increase the potency of ADEPs by up to 1,200 times.

You've got mail: Research reveals workers' worst inbox sins Posted: 17 Jan 2014 09:49 AM PST Workers obsessed with checking their emails could be damaging their own mental health and that of their colleagues, according to research.

High volume of severe sepsis patients may result in better outcomes Posted: 17 Jan 2014 08:32 AM PST A recent study shows that "practice may make perfect" when it comes to caring for patients with severe sepsis. The study showed that patients admitted to academic medical centers that care for more patients with severe sepsis have significantly lower mortality rates than patients cared for at academic medical centers with lower volumes of sepsis patients. Additionally, the superior outcomes at high volume centers were achieved at similar costs compared to the lower volume medical centers.

Is Europe equipped with enough medical oncologists? Horizon still unknown Posted: 17 Jan 2014 08:32 AM PST A recent paper assessing the current number of medical oncologists in the 27 European Union countries and predicting their availability by 2020 raises worries about the lack of information in many Eastern European countries. A call has been made for all European countries to work together to discuss a system that allows to obtain such data and continuously monitor the situation with regards to the increasing cancer burden.

Researchers run successful HIV intervention project in S. Africa Posted: 17 Jan 2014 08:32 AM PST A large-scale human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) intervention/education effort aimed at helping South African men take a proactive role in the prevention of that disease has proven successful, an important development considering that country has the largest number of HIV infections in the world.

Early warning: Internet surveillance predicts disease outbreak Posted: 17 Jan 2014 07:40 AM PST The habit of Googling for an online diagnosis before visiting a GP can provide early warning of an infectious disease epidemic.

Chimps can use gestures to communicate in hunt for food Posted: 17 Jan 2014 07:40 AM PST Chimpanzees are capable of using gestures to communicate as they pursue specific goals, such as finding a hidden piece of food, according to a new study.

Chronic neck pain common among car crash victims, but most don't sue Posted: 17 Jan 2014 07:40 AM PST A new study finds chronic pain to be common among people involved in car accidents. However, most people in the study who reported persistent neck pain were not engaged in litigation six weeks after their accident.

A new toad from the 'warm valleys' of Peruvian Andes Posted: 17 Jan 2014 07:40 AM PST A new species of toad was discovered hiding in the leaf litter of montane rain forest known as Peruvian Yungas ("warm valley" in translation). Like many other toads (family Bufonidae) inhabiting the forest floor, the new species Rhinella yunga has a cryptic body coloration resembling decaying leaves in the area, securing perfect camouflage but making morphological identification of species hard for scientists.

Two million people in England eligible for weight loss surgery Posted: 17 Jan 2014 07:40 AM PST Two million people in England could be eligible for weight loss surgery according to new research published.

Not just clean but spotless -- Researchers show how cells tidy up Posted: 17 Jan 2014 07:40 AM PST New findings give insights into how cells dispose of their waste. Malfunctions in this process have been linked to Alzheimer's disease and cancer.

New insights into facial transplantation Posted: 17 Jan 2014 07:40 AM PST Researchers have demonstrated that immune cells, or T cells, involved in the rejection process are significantly of donor origin.

Study reveals how ecstasy acts on brain, hints at therapeutic uses Posted: 17 Jan 2014 07:39 AM PST Brain imaging experiments have revealed for the first time how ecstasy produces feelings of euphoria in users. The findings hint at ways that ecstasy, or MDMA, might be useful in the treatment of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

First impact test in years of B61 nonnuclear components Posted: 17 Jan 2014 07:39 AM PST A ground-penetrating bomb, minus its nuclear components, rammed through a target at the remote Coyote Canyon test range in Sandia National Laboratories' first such rocket-driven impact test in seven years. Engineers said the Sandia components on the weapon performed as expected.

Searching for magic bullet against cancer caused by asbestos: One step closer? Posted: 17 Jan 2014 07:39 AM PST Mesothelioma is a very aggressive cancer associated with asbestos exposure, which is usually diagnosed in an advanced stage. So far no therapeutic strategy has proven effective against this deadly cancer and the prognosis remains very poor with only few exceptions.

Carbon nanotube sponge shows improved water clean-up Posted: 17 Jan 2014 06:06 AM PST A new carbon nanotube sponge capable of soaking up water contaminants, such as fertilizers, pesticides and pharmaceuticals, is more than three times more efficiently than previous efforts.

One step at a time, researchers learning how humans walk Posted: 17 Jan 2014 06:06 AM PST Humans and some of our hominid ancestors such as Homo erectus have been walking for more than a million years, and researchers are close to figuring out how we do it. The research could find some of its earliest applications in improved prosthetic limbs, and later on, a more complete grasp of these principles could lead to walking or running robots that are far more agile and energy-efficient than anything that exists today.

Fighting flies: Brain cells promote fighting in male fruit flies Posted: 17 Jan 2014 06:06 AM PST According to the latest studies from a fly laboratory, male Drosophilae, commonly known as fruit flies, fight more than their female counterparts because they have special cells in their brains that promote fighting. These cells appear to be absent in the brains of female fruit flies.

Vitamin D supplements reduce pain in fibromyalgia sufferers Posted: 17 Jan 2014 06:05 AM PST Researchers say vitamin D may be cost-effective treatment or adjunct for patients with fibromyalgia syndrome and low vitamin D levels.

Airport screening queues: Calculating waiting time at security control Posted: 17 Jan 2014 06:04 AM PST Thermal imaging cameras at airports could calculate queues and check-in times better than systems that make estimates using Bluetooth and WiFi on passengers' mobiles.

High-quality whey proteins for foodstuffs Posted: 17 Jan 2014 06:04 AM PST Whey resulting from cheese production contains valuable proteins that still often remain unused. In the project Whey2Food, researchers are investigating how high-quality whey proteins can be obtained for food with the assistance of a new electromembrane process.

New proposal for better allocation of donated livers in transplants Posted: 17 Jan 2014 06:04 AM PST Researchers have developed a system that measures compatibility between donors and the most serious receivers in liver transplants. This is a mathematical method that includes the experience of almost 1,500 donations registered in transplant units in Spain and the United Kingdom.

Here comes the sun to lower your blood pressure Posted: 17 Jan 2014 06:01 AM PST Exposing skin to sunlight may help to reduce blood pressure and thus cut the risk of heart attack and stroke, a study published suggests. Research shows that sunlight alters levels of the small messenger molecule, nitric oxide (NO) in the skin and blood, reducing blood pressure.

Most women undergoing conservative surgery for vulvar cancer maintain healthy body image and sex life Posted: 17 Jan 2014 06:01 AM PST A new study finds that most women who undergo conservative surgery for vulvar cancer experience little to no long-term disruption to sexuality and body image. The study also reveals factors that can increase women's risk of feeling negative emotions after surgery.

Genomic study identifies subgroups of breast cancer with varying sensitivities to treatment Posted: 17 Jan 2014 06:01 AM PST Researchers describe as many as four subgroups of HER2+ breast cancer with varying responses and benefits resulting from combined anti-HER2 targeted therapy and chemotherapy.

Big-headed fossil flies track major ecological revolution Posted: 16 Jan 2014 04:03 PM PST A team of biologists has discovered three new, extinct fossil species of big-headed flies.

Study reveals role of sex in spread of deadly disease Posted: 16 Jan 2014 04:02 PM PST Research has provided important new information about transmission of human leishmaniasis, a group of infectious diseases which kills more than 100,000 people a year. Results of a study have shown that *Leishmania* parasites reproduce sexually in the wild. The research is a significant step forward in understanding how leishmaniasis is spread in endemic regions.

Same cell death pathway involved in three forms of blindness, study finds Posted: 16 Jan 2014 01:22 PM PST A research team used canine disease models to closely examine how retinal gene activity varied during the progression of three different forms of inherited vision disease. Their results turned up an unexpected commonality: Early on in each of the diseases, genes involved in the same specific pathway of cell death appeared to be activated. These findings point to possible interventions that could curb vision loss across a variety of inherited retinal diseases.

Special yeast reduce alcohol, improve wine Posted: 16 Jan 2014 01:22 PM PST A team of researchers has taken a giant step towards controlling a growing problem in the wine community. They have identified special yeast that produce a lower level of alcohol, helping to preserve the flavor.

Fathers' diet, bodyweight, health at conception may contribute to obesity in offspring Posted: 16 Jan 2014 01:22 PM PST Research involving rats suggests a biological link between paternal diet, bodyweight and health at the time of conception and the health of his offspring. In a new research report, scientists show that if male rats ate a high fat diet, had diabetes and were obese, their offspring had altered gene expression in two important metabolic tissues -- pancreas and fat (even though they were not yet obese).

Sludge as new sentinel for human health risks Posted: 16 Jan 2014 01:22 PM PST In a new study, a strong overlap is observed between chemicals found in biological samples taken from the human population and those detected in municipal biosolids. These findings suggest that analysis of sludge may provide a useful surrogate for the assessment of human exposure and bioaccumulation of potentially hazardous substances.

Study finds troubling relationship between drinking, PTSD symptoms in college students Posted: 16 Jan 2014 01:21 PM PST The estimated 9 percent of college students who have symptoms of PTSD are likely to drink more alcohol than peers without the psychological condition. In turn, heavy alcohol consumption exacerbates their PTSD symptoms.

Silencing inhibitor of cell replication spurs insulin-producing beta cells to reproduce Posted: 16 Jan 2014 01:21 PM PST Researchers replicated human pancreatic beta cells in a mouse model in which donor cells were transplanted. The newly replicated cells retained features of mature beta cells and showed a physiological response to glucose.

Study finds no significant differences between commonly used carotid stenting systems in U.S. Posted: 16 Jan 2014 01:21 PM PST A study has found similarly low rates of complication and death among U.S. patients who are treated with the three most common systems for placing stents in blocked carotid arteries of the neck.

Urban night shift police more likely to suffer long-term job injuries Posted: 16 Jan 2014 01:20 PM PST Police officers working the night shift are significantly more likely to suffer long-term on-the-job injuries than officers on day and afternoon shifts, according to new research.

Diet beverages not the solution for weight loss Posted: 16 Jan 2014 01:20 PM PST Heavy adults who believe drinking diet soda will help them lose or keep weight off should think again. Researchers who examined national patterns in adult diet beverage consumption and calorie intake found that overweight and obese adults who drink diet beverages consume more calories from food than obese or overweight adults who drink regular soda or other sugary beverages.

Survival rates of kids suffering cardiac arrest improve with new training approach Posted: 16 Jan 2014 12:08 PM PST Researchers have found a new way to boost the survival of pediatric patients whose hearts stop while they are hospitalized.

Kids teased in pys-ed class exercise less a year later Posted: 16 Jan 2014 12:08 PM PST Psychologists found that kids who got teased during physical education calss were less physically active 12 months later -- whether or not the child is overweight.

Fetal exposure to nicotine increases long-term risk of obesity Posted: 16 Jan 2014 12:08 PM PST Many women are encouraged to quit smoking when they become pregnant using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) whether as gum, transdermal patches, nasal spray or lozenges. But new research has shown that nicotine from either smoking or NRT causes a wide range of long-term adverse reactions for the offspring, including an increased risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome by influencing the liver to produce more triglyceride.

Study associates pro-inflammatory molecules with early death in HIV patients Posted: 16 Jan 2014 12:08 PM PST A study provides new insight into the impact that pro-inflammatory molecules have on early death in HIV patients who abuse alcohol. The findings pinpoint the inflammatory markers most associated with early death and may help explain why some patients die earlier than others even when all of these patients are on antiretroviral therapy.

Streamflow alteration impacts fish diversity in local rivers Posted: 16 Jan 2014 12:08 PM PST A US Geological Survey study quantifies change in fish diversity in response to streamflow alteration in the Tennessee River basin. The study highlights the importance of the timing, magnitude, and variability of low streamflows and the frequency and magnitude of high streamflows as key characteristics critical to assessing how fish communities change in response to streamflow alteration.

Breakthrough in understanding secret life of prion molecules Posted: 16 Jan 2014 11:46 AM PST New research has uncovered a quality control mechanism in brain cells that may help keep deadly neurological diseases in check for months or years.

Chronic intestinal damage raises hip-fracture rate in celiac disease patients Posted: 16 Jan 2014 11:46 AM PST Celiac disease patients who experience chronic damage in the small intestine may be more likely to break a hip than those whose intestinal tissues have begun healing, according to new research.

Traditional Chinese medicines stall progression of diabetes Posted: 16 Jan 2014 11:46 AM PST Traditional Chinese herbal medicines hold promise for slowing the progression from prediabetes to an official diabetes diagnosis, according to new research.

Renewable chemical ready for biofuels scale-up Posted: 16 Jan 2014 11:46 AM PST Using a plant-derived chemical, researchers have developed a process for creating a concentrated stream of sugars that's ripe with possibility for biofuels.

'Molecular scaffolding' found that maintains skin structure, organization Posted: 16 Jan 2014 10:09 AM PST A study shows how interactions between skin stem cells -- the cells responsible for the constant renewal of skin -- maintain the architecture of this organ. "We knew that these junctions were important in skin stem cells but the cellular components involved in their structure and function were not yet understood", says the leader of the study.

How vision captures sound now somewhat uncertain Posted: 16 Jan 2014 10:08 AM PST Contrary to previous research, researchers have found that neurons in a particular brain region respond differently, not similarly, based on whether the stimuli is visual or auditory. The finding provides insight into how vision captures the location of perceived sound.

Scientists reveal steps leading to necrotizing fasciitis Posted: 16 Jan 2014 10:08 AM PST Researchers have discovered the mechanism by which Streptococcus pyogenes, or Group A streptococcus bacteria, cause life-threatening diseases such as necrotizing fasciitis (commonly known as flesh-eating disease) and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. This opens the door to possible future treatments to curb this and other potentially fatal bacteria.

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