ScienceDaily: Top Health News

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• Novel biomarker approach suggests new avenues to improve schizophrenia disease management
• Study dispels theories of Y chromosome's demise: Stripped-down chromosome retains key genes for fertility
• Discovery may aid vaccine design for common form of malaria
• Research demonstrates 'guided missile' strategy to kill hidden HIV
• Spinal cord findings could help explain origins of limb control
• Capturing a hard-wired variability: What makes some identical twins noticeably different?
• New clues to how bacteria evade antibiotics
• Inappropriate antibiotic use in emergency rooms not decreasing in adults
• New pathway for neuron repair discovered
• Rewiring stem cells: New technique may revolutionize understanding of how genes function
• Cancer drug protects against diabetes
• Successful test in humans of nasal vaccine against pertussis
• Unfit, lean people are better protected against heart attacks than fit, obese people
• Many men start testosterone therapy without clear medical need
• Maternal stress hormones, maternal smoking increase daughter's risk of nicotine dependence, study shows
• Marine bacteria to fight tough infections
• Simple test can indicate cervical cancer
• Epilepsy drug taken in pregnancy found safe in preschool child development
• Amount, types of fat we eat affect health, risk of disease
• The ironic (and surprising) effects of weight stigma
• Researchers discover ovarian cancer biomarker
• Overall prevalence of smoking has decreased globally, although number of smokers has increased
• Childhood fractures may indicate bone-density problems
• Scientists discover new causes of diabetes
• Scientists make living brain cells from Alzheimer's patients biobanked brain tissue

Novel biomarker approach suggests new avenues to improve schizophrenia disease management Posted: 09 Jan 2014 03:04 PM PST Environmental effects of events such as oxygen deprivation and infections may be preserved as markers in blood that are associated to schizophrenia, according to an international study.

Study dispels theories of Y chromosome's demise: Stripped-down chromosome retains key genes for fertility Posted: 09 Jan 2014 02:57 PM PST Population geneticists compared the Y chromosomes of eight African and eight European men to understand why the chromosome is so puny. They attribute the size to strong natural selection to remove harmful genes -- so-called purifying selection -- but find essential roles for the remaining genes, dispelling the common notion that the Y's genes are mostly unimportant and that the chromosome is destined to dwindle and disappear.

Discovery may aid vaccine design for common form of malaria Posted: 09 Jan 2014 02:54 PM PST A form of malaria common outside of Africa attacks red blood cells by clamping down on the cells with a pair of proteins, new research has revealed. The study provides details that will advance design of vaccines and drug treatments for the strain, Plasmodium vivax.

Research demonstrates 'guided missile' strategy to kill hidden HIV Posted: 09 Jan 2014 02:54 PM PST Researchers have deployed a potential new weapon against HIV – a combination therapy that targets HIV-infected cells that standard therapies cannot kill.

Spinal cord findings could help explain origins of limb control Posted: 09 Jan 2014 11:38 AM PST Researchers have found that the spinal cord circuits that produce body bending in swimming fish are more complicated than previously thought. In a study of zebrafish, they report that differential control of an animal's musculature -- the basic template for controlling more complex limbs, such as in humans -- is already in place in the spinal networks of simple fish. The data could help clarify how vertebrates made the transition from water to land.

Capturing a hard-wired variability: What makes some identical twins noticeably different? Posted: 09 Jan 2014 11:37 AM PST A new study has uncovered a phenomenon that alters prevailing views of how the genome is expressed to make and sustain the life of mammals. The article helps explain why genetically identical animals are sometimes so different in their biology and appearance, and why some inherited disorders caused by a shared set of aberrant genes can be of such variable severity in different people.

New clues to how bacteria evade antibiotics Posted: 09 Jan 2014 11:37 AM PST Scientists have made an important advance in understanding how a subset of bacterial cells escape being killed by many antibiotics.

Inappropriate antibiotic use in emergency rooms not decreasing in adults Posted: 09 Jan 2014 10:26 AM PST An analysis of emergency room visits over a 10-year period finds that while inappropriate antibiotic use is decreasing in pediatric settings, it continues to remain a problem in adults, according to research.

New pathway for neuron repair discovered Posted: 09 Jan 2014 10:24 AM PST A brand-new pathway for neuron repair has been discovered that could have implications for faster and improved healing after nerve damage. The research demonstrates, for the first time, that dendrites, the component of nerve cells that receive information from the brain, have the capacity to regrow after an injury.

Rewiring stem cells: New technique may revolutionize understanding of how genes function Posted: 09 Jan 2014 10:23 AM PST A new technique for determining what causes stem cells to convert into other cell types could revolutionize our understanding of how genes function.

Cancer drug protects against diabetes Posted: 09 Jan 2014 07:36 AM PST New research shows that low doses of a cancer drug protect against the development of type 1 diabetes in mice. At the same time, the medicine protects the insulin-producing cells from being destroyed.

Successful test in humans of nasal vaccine against pertussis Posted: 09 Jan 2014 07:36 AM PST The CHILD-INNOVAC European research program has enabled the development of an innovative vaccine that can be administered intranasally, to combat pertussis, which has shown a resurgence in developed countries in recent years.

Unfit, lean people are better protected against heart attacks than fit, obese people Posted: 09 Jan 2014 07:36 AM PST A research team has shown that physical fitness in your teens can reduce the risk of heart attack later in life, while men who are fit and obese in their teens run a higher risk of having a heart attack than unfit, lean men.

Many men start testosterone therapy without clear medical need Posted: 09 Jan 2014 07:17 AM PST Although testosterone use has sharply increased among older men in the past decade, many patients appear to have normal testosterone levels and do not meet the clinical guidelines for treatment, according to new research.

Maternal stress hormones, maternal smoking increase daughter's risk of nicotine dependence, study shows Posted: 09 Jan 2014 06:19 AM PST Smoking during pregnancy is linked to numerous negative outcomes, including low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, and increased risk for attention deficit disorder, conduct disorder, and nicotine use in offspring. Despite this extensive literature, it is estimated that 13%-30% of women in the United States continue to smoke while pregnant. Now, a new 40-year longitudinal study provides strong evidence that prenatal exposure to maternal stress hormones predicts nicotine dependence later in life -- but only for daughters.

Marine bacteria to fight tough infections Posted: 08 Jan 2014 09:43 PM PST Aggressive infections are a growing health problem all over the world. The development of resistant bacteria is rampant and, in the United States, resistant staphylococci cause more deaths than AIDS on an annual basis. Researchers are studying a new form of treatment based on marine bacteria.

Simple test can indicate cervical cancer Posted: 08 Jan 2014 09:38 PM PST Researchers have confirmed that using the heat profile from a person's blood, called a plasma thermogram, can serve as an indicator for the presence or absence of cervical cancer, including the stage of cancer.

Epilepsy drug taken in pregnancy found safe in preschool child development Posted: 08 Jan 2014 02:05 PM PST A new study finds that the epilepsy drug levetiracetam appears not to be associated with thinking, movement and language problems for preschool children born to mothers who took the drug during pregnancy, although the drug valproate was associated with some difficulties in preschoolers.

Amount, types of fat we eat affect health, risk of disease Posted: 08 Jan 2014 12:40 PM PST Healthy adults should consume between 20 percent and 35 percent of their calories from dietary fat, increase their consumption of omega-3 fatty acids, and limit their intake of saturated and trans fats, according to an updated position paper from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

The ironic (and surprising) effects of weight stigma Posted: 08 Jan 2014 09:37 AM PST If you're one of the millions of people who count losing weight among their top New Year's resolutions, you might want to pay careful attention to some new findings a psychology professor.

Researchers discover ovarian cancer biomarker Posted: 08 Jan 2014 07:24 AM PST Researchers have identified a microRNA biomarker that shows promise in predicting treatment response in the most common form of ovarian cancer – a breakthrough that has the potential to improve outcomes for patients with the disease.

Overall prevalence of smoking has decreased globally, although number of smokers has increased Posted: 07 Jan 2014 02:07 PM PST Since 1980, the global prevalence of daily tobacco smoking has declined by an estimated 25 percent for men and 42 percent for women, although because of population growth, the number of smokers has increased (41 percent for males; 7 percent for females), along with a 26 percent increase in the number of cigarettes consumed, according to a study.

Childhood fractures may indicate bone-density problems Posted: 07 Jan 2014 02:06 PM PST Broken bones may seem like a normal part of an active childhood. About 1 in 3 otherwise healthy children suffers a bone fracture. Breakage of the bone running from the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist (distal forearm fracture) is the most common. It occurs most often during the growth spurt that children typically undergo in early adolescence.

Scientists discover new causes of diabetes Posted: 07 Jan 2014 07:28 AM PST Research has revealed two new genetic causes of neonatal diabetes. The research provides further insights on how the insulin-producing beta cells are formed in the pancreas. The team discovered that mutations in two genes are important for development of the pancreas can cause the disease.

Scientists make living brain cells from Alzheimer's patients biobanked brain tissue Posted: 07 Jan 2014 07:26 AM PST Scientists, for the first time, generated induced pluripotent stem cells lines from non-cryoprotected brain tissue of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

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