ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Novel blood test may help predict impending preterm birth
• Environmental conditions may impact bird migration
• First diplodocid sauropod from South America found
• Study sheds light on penguins first year far from home
• Solar wind ion analyzer will look at key player in Mars atmosphere loss
• Antidepressant may slow Alzheimer's disease
• Outcome data in clinical trials reported inadequately, inconsistently, study finds
• Advance brings 'hyperbolic metamaterials' closer to reality
• New smart coating could make oil-spill cleanup faster and more efficient
• By itself, abundant shale gas unlikely to alter climate projections
• California mountains rise as groundwater depleted in state's Central Valley: May trigger small earthquakes
• Dangerous storms: Hurricanes peaking further north, typhoons further south, than in past
• How gut bacteria regulate weight gain: Study provides further understanding
• Writing is on the wall for air pollution, thanks to air-cleansing poem
• Hope for normal heart function in children with fatal heart disease
• Who should be saved? Study gets diverse MD views on healthcare disaster planning
• Enzyme helps stem cells improve recovery from limb injuries
• New approach to treating peanut and other food allergies
• Relationship satisfaction linked with changing use of contraception
• To wilt or not to wilt: Plant hormone abscisic acid underlies plant-water relations
• Widely used drug no more effective than FDA approved medication in treating epileptic seizures
• Over 100 new species discovered by team in drive to document biodiversity
• Quantum tunneling and the Aharonov-Bohm effect
• Caribbean clingfish: Tiny, tenacious and tentatively toxic
• Simplifying an ultrafast laser offers better control
• @millennials wary of @twitter, #MSU study finds
• New Zealand sea lion is a relative newcomer
• Extinct relative helps to reclassify the world's remaining two species of monk seal
• Understanding 1918 flu pandemic can aid in better infectious disease response
• Microchip-like technology allows single-cell analysis
• Early menopause increases heart failure risk, especially for smokers
• Mobile phone data helps combat malaria
• Unified superconductors: Single theoretical model of superconductivity for many materials
• Turtle migration directly influenced by drift experiences with ocean currents as hatchlings
• Crucial decisions often taken with poor guidance for those with limited mental capacity
• The future of field trips looks promising
• How orchid bees find their personal scent, attract mates
• New technology simplifies production of biotech medicines
• Emissions by carbon-neutral municipalities down by almost 20 per cent in six years
• Using nature as a model for low-friction bearings
• Magnetar formation mystery solved? Supernova explosions and dizzying spins in a binary system
• Strongly interacting electrons in wacky oxide synchronize to compute like the brain
• Primates and patience: Evolutionary roots of self control
• Ancient giant sperm from tiny shrimps discovered at Riversleigh World Heritage Fossil Site
• Repeat bowel cancer surgery: First trial restored under new initiative casts doubt
• Patients most in need of the vaccine against shingles don't get it 
• Many schools are neglecting students' health, wellbeing, warn experts
• Breathe easy, Iowa: Your air is (relatively) healthy
• Role of calcium in familial Alzheimer's disease clarified, pointing to new therapeutics
• Pretreatment snack improves uptake of schistosomiasis treatment in schoolchildren
• Sustaining northern hardwood forests: Are we doing what we think we're doing?
• Additional imaging before cancer surgery: Is it beneficial?
• Large increase seen in emergency departments visits for traumatic brain injury
• Football: Concussions, Years of Play Related to Brain Differences, Especially in Areas Linked to Memory
• Effectiveness of medications to treat alcohol use disorders examined

Novel blood test may help predict impending preterm birth Posted: 14 May 2014 03:27 PM PDT A blood-based diagnostic test accurately predicted whether 70 percent of female study participants with threatened preterm labor would or would not give birth prematurely.

Environmental conditions may impact bird migration Posted: 14 May 2014 03:27 PM PDT Wind conditions during spring migration may be a predictor of apparent annual survival and the timing of breeding in yellow warblers. Migratory birds play a critical role in the ecosystem, pollinating plants, dispersing seeds, and consuming insects and small mammals. Yellow warblers breed in western Canada and overwinter in Mexico, making them difficult to study during all stages of their annual cycle. Scientists found that of the climatic models tested, wind speeds on migration best predicted apparent annual adult survival, male arrival date at the breeding site, female egg laying, and annual productivity.

First diplodocid sauropod from South America found Posted: 14 May 2014 03:27 PM PDT The discovery of a new sauropod dinosaur species, Leinkupal laticauda, found in Argentina may be the first record of a diplodocid from South America and the youngest record of Diplodocidae in the world.

Study sheds light on penguins first year far from home Posted: 14 May 2014 03:27 PM PDT In the first study of its kind, scientists tracked penguins first year away from home and found young king penguins explored new habitat, eventually learning to find food similarly to their parents.

Solar wind ion analyzer will look at key player in Mars atmosphere loss Posted: 14 May 2014 01:54 PM PDT This past November, NASA launched the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission in the hope of understanding how and why the planet has been losing its atmosphere over billions of years.

Antidepressant may slow Alzheimer's disease Posted: 14 May 2014 11:23 AM PDT A commonly prescribed antidepressant can reduce production of the main ingredient in Alzheimer's brain plaques, according to new research. The findings, in mice and people, support preliminary studies that evaluated a variety of antidepressants. Brain plaques are tied closely to memory problems and other cognitive impairments caused by Alzheimer's disease. Stopping plaque buildup may halt the disastrous mental decline caused by the disorder.

Outcome data in clinical trials reported inadequately, inconsistently, study finds Posted: 14 May 2014 10:36 AM PDT There is increasing public pressure to report the results of all clinical trials to eliminate publication bias and improve public access. However, investigators building a database of clinical trials involving chronic pain have encountered several challenges. They describe the perils in a new article, and propose alternative strategies to improve clinical trials reporting.

Advance brings 'hyperbolic metamaterials' closer to reality Posted: 14 May 2014 10:34 AM PDT Researchers have taken a step toward practical applications for 'hyperbolic metamaterials,' ultra-thin crystalline films that could bring optical advances including powerful microscopes, quantum computers and high-performance solar cells.

New smart coating could make oil-spill cleanup faster and more efficient Posted: 14 May 2014 10:34 AM PDT In the wake of recent off-shore oil spills, and with the growing popularity of 'fracking' -- in which water is used to release oil and gas from shale -- there's a need for easy, quick ways to separate oil and water. Now, scientists have developed coatings that can do just that. Their research could also stop surfaces from getting foggy and dirty.

By itself, abundant shale gas unlikely to alter climate projections Posted: 14 May 2014 10:34 AM PDT A policy analysis finds that if natural gas is abundant and less expensive, it will encourage greater consumption of gas and less of coal, renewables and nuclear power. The net effect on the climate will depend on whether the greenhouse gas emissions from producing and consuming natural gas -- including carbon dioxide and methane – are lower or higher than emissions avoided by reducing the use of other energy sources.

California mountains rise as groundwater depleted in state's Central Valley: May trigger small earthquakes Posted: 14 May 2014 10:34 AM PDT The weight of water pumped from California's agricultural heartland, the Central Valley, over the past 150 years is enough to allow Earth's crust to rebound upward, raising surrounding mountain ranges, the Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges, some six inches. Winter rains and summer pumping cause annual up and down movements that could affect earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault, which parallels the ranges.

Dangerous storms: Hurricanes peaking further north, typhoons further south, than in past Posted: 14 May 2014 10:34 AM PDT Powerful, destructive tropical cyclones are now reaching their peak intensity farther from the equator and closer to the poles, according to a new study. The results of the study show that over the last 30 years, tropical cyclones -- also known as hurricanes or typhoons -- are moving poleward at a rate of about 33 miles per decade in the Northern Hemisphere and 38 miles per decade in the Southern Hemisphere.

How gut bacteria regulate weight gain: Study provides further understanding Posted: 14 May 2014 10:30 AM PDT Gut bacteria communicate with their host to specifically regulate weight gain and serum cholesterol levels, new research has found. The research has implications for the rational selection and design of probiotics for the control of obesity, high cholesterol and diabetes. "Recent work by other groups has shown that bile acids act as signalling molecules in the host, almost like a hormonal network, with an ability to influence host metabolism. What we have done is to show that a specific mechanism exists by which bacteria in the gut can influence this process with significant consequences for the host," commented one researcher.

Writing is on the wall for air pollution, thanks to air-cleansing poem Posted: 14 May 2014 10:30 AM PDT The writing is on the wall for smog as the world's first air-cleansing poem is unveiled. A catalytic poem called In Praise of Air is printed on material containing a formula that is capable of purifying its surroundings. This cheap technology could also be applied to billboards and advertisements alongside congested roads to cut pollution. The professor who came up with the idea of using treated materials to cleanse the air, said: "This is a fun collaboration between science and the arts to highlight a very serious issue of poor air quality in our towns and cities.

Hope for normal heart function in children with fatal heart disease Posted: 14 May 2014 10:29 AM PDT After two decades of arduous research, an investigator has published a new study showing that many children with an often fatal type of heart disease can recover "normal size and function" of damaged sections of their hearts. The finding clearly demonstrates that nearly one-fourth of children treated for "idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy," or DCM, when these children with DCM become symptomatic by developing congestive heart failure) can be expected to fully recover normal size and function of left-ventricular (LV) heart muscle fibers within about two years of diagnosis.

Who should be saved? Study gets diverse MD views on healthcare disaster planning Posted: 14 May 2014 10:29 AM PDT Few disaster preparedness plans have taken community values regarding allocation into account, but a new study is aiming to change that through public engagement with diverse groups. Citizens ranked most and least healthy in one state share their thoughts on how ventilators should be allocated in the event of a flu pandemic.

Enzyme helps stem cells improve recovery from limb injuries Posted: 14 May 2014 08:18 AM PDT While it seems like restoring blood flow to an injured leg would be a good thing, it can actually cause additional damage that hinders recovery, researchers say. Ischemia reperfusion injury affects nearly two million Americans annually with a wide variety of scenarios that temporarily impede blood flow -- from traumatic limb injuries, to heart attacks, to donor organs, said an immunologist. Restoring blood flow actually heightens inflammation and cell death rather than recovery for many of these patients.

New approach to treating peanut and other food allergies Posted: 14 May 2014 08:17 AM PDT These days, more and more people seem to have food allergies, which can sometimes have life-threatening consequences. Scientists now report the development of a new type of flour that someday could be used in food-based therapies to help people better tolerate their allergy triggers, including peanuts.

Relationship satisfaction linked with changing use of contraception Posted: 14 May 2014 08:17 AM PDT Women's sexual satisfaction in long-term heterosexual relationships may be influenced by changes in hormonal contraceptive use, research shows. "Our findings showed women who had met their partner while taking the pill and were still currently taking it -- as well as those who had never used the pill at any point -- reported greater sexual satisfaction than those women who had begun or stopped using the pill during the course of the relationship," says lead researcher.

To wilt or not to wilt: Plant hormone abscisic acid underlies plant-water relations Posted: 14 May 2014 08:17 AM PDT Plant stomata play a role in water loss and CO2 uptake from leaves. A researcher has found that the plant hormone abscisic acid underlies the differences in certain critical features of plant-water relations. These plant-water relations include control of water loss through the stomata and aspects of restoration of water uptake after the plant has been dehydrated -- in other words, whether the plant will wilt or not.

Widely used drug no more effective than FDA approved medication in treating epileptic seizures Posted: 14 May 2014 08:17 AM PDT Lorazepam -- a widely used but not yet Food and Drug Administration approved drug for children -- is no more effective than an approved benzodiazepine, diazepam, for treating pediatric status epilepticus, a study shows. Status epilepticus is a state in which the brain is in a persistent state of seizure. By the age of 15, 4 to 8 percent of children experience a seizure episode, which can be life threatening if they aren't stopped immediately.

Over 100 new species discovered by team in drive to document biodiversity Posted: 14 May 2014 08:16 AM PDT A 5-million-year-old saber-toothed cat, the world's oldest grape and a bizarre hermit crab were among more than 100 new species discovered by a team of scientists last year. Driven in part by the urgency to document new species as natural habitats and fossil sites decline due to human influences, researchers described 16 new genera and 103 new species of plants and animals in 2013, with some research divisions anticipating higher numbers for 2014.

Quantum tunneling and the Aharonov-Bohm effect Posted: 14 May 2014 07:03 AM PDT Although quantum tunneling has been observed on large scales, no one has yet actually measured the tunneling of a single particle until now. Physicists report using an ion trap system to observe the Aharonov-Bohm effect with quantum tunneling. The AB effect demonstrates that a magnetic field inside a confined region can have a measureable impact on a charged particle which never traveled inside the region.

Caribbean clingfish: Tiny, tenacious and tentatively toxic Posted: 14 May 2014 07:03 AM PDT Sometimes we think we know everything about something only to find out we really don't, said a biologist studying tiny fish. Scientists comparing a new clingfish to known ones discovered a new species, and made an important finding about a group of well-studied fish at the same time. They discovered a venom gland that had been missed until now.

Simplifying an ultrafast laser offers better control Posted: 14 May 2014 07:03 AM PDT Scientists have developed a new concept offering a simpler laser design, control over new parameters, and excellent performance potential. Called 'frequency domain optical parametric amplification,' the concept supersedes traditional time domain amplification schemes that have been the linchpin of ultrafast laser science for 20 years.

@millennials wary of @twitter, #MSU study finds Posted: 14 May 2014 07:03 AM PDT A new study indicates young adults have a healthy mistrust of the information they read on Twitter. Nearly anyone can start a Twitter account and post 140 characters of information at a time, bogus or not, a fact the study's participants seemed to grasp, according to the author of a recent study.

New Zealand sea lion is a relative newcomer Posted: 14 May 2014 07:03 AM PDT The modern New Zealand sea lion is a relative newcomer to the mainland, replacing a now-extinct, unique prehistoric New Zealand sea-lion that once lived here, according to a new study. A team of biologists estimates that this prehistoric mainland sea-lion population became extinct as recently as 600 years ago, and was then replaced by a lineage previously limited to the waters of the cold subantarctic.

Extinct relative helps to reclassify the world's remaining two species of monk seal Posted: 14 May 2014 07:03 AM PDT The recently extinct Caribbean monk seal was one of three species of monk seal in the world. Its relationship to the Mediterranean and Hawaiian monk seals, both living but endangered, has never been fully understood. Through DNA analysis and skull comparisons scientists have now clarified the Caribbean species' place on the seal family tree and created a completely new genus.

Understanding 1918 flu pandemic can aid in better infectious disease response Posted: 14 May 2014 05:46 AM PDT The 1918 Flu Pandemic infected over 500 million people, killing at least 50 million. Now, a researcher has analyzed the pandemic in two remote regions of North America, finding that despite their geographical divide, both regions had environmental, nutritional and economic factors that influenced morbidity during the pandemic. Findings from the research could help improve current health policies.

Microchip-like technology allows single-cell analysis Posted: 14 May 2014 05:46 AM PDT A system similar to random access memory chips that allows the fast, efficient control and separation of individual cells has been developed by engineers. Once scaled up, the technology promises to sort and store hundreds of thousands of cells in a matter of minutes, enabling biologists to study vast arrays of single cells.

Early menopause increases heart failure risk, especially for smokers Posted: 14 May 2014 05:46 AM PDT Women who go through menopause early -- at ages 40 to 45 -- have a higher rate of heart failure, according to a new study. Smoking, current or past, raises the rate even more. The authors' analysis of the data showed that women who went through menopause naturally at this early age had a rate of heart failure some 40% higher than women who went through menopause the usual age between 50 and 54. (The average is 51.) And for every one-year increase in age at menopause, the rate of heart failure was 2% lower.

Mobile phone data helps combat malaria Posted: 14 May 2014 05:45 AM PDT Mobile phone data has been used in a study in Namibia to help combat malaria more effectively. The study used anonymized mobile records to measure population movements within Namibia in Africa over the period of a year (2010-11). By combining this data with information about diagnosed cases of malaria, topography and climate, the researchers have been able to identify geographical 'hotspots' of the disease and design targeted plans for its elimination.

Unified superconductors: Single theoretical model of superconductivity for many materials Posted: 14 May 2014 05:45 AM PDT Superconductors are promising materials, with applications ranging from medicine to transport. Unfortunately, though, their use is for the time being limited to the very low temperatures (close to absolute zero) necessary for superconductivity to occur. Some materials, however, could be improved so as to obtain higher and energetically less "costly" critical temperatures. Scientists have now investigated a class of conductors at high critical temperature, adding insight into the physics of these phenomena.

Turtle migration directly influenced by drift experiences with ocean currents as hatchlings Posted: 14 May 2014 05:45 AM PDT New research has found that adult sea-turtle migrations and their selection of feeding sites are directly influenced by their past experiences as little hatchlings adrift in ocean currents. When they breed, adult sea turtles return to the beach where they were born. After breeding, adult sea turtles typically migrate several hundreds to thousands of kilometres to their feeding habitats. However, there has been little information about how turtles chose their feeding sites.

Crucial decisions often taken with poor guidance for those with limited mental capacity Posted: 14 May 2014 05:45 AM PDT People who have limited mental capacity need better help with making decisions according to a clinical psychologist. "With an aging population and more people surviving serious injury, this Act will affect nearly everyone at some point. Whether from Alzheimer's, autism or brain injury, people can lack the mental capacity to decide things like where to live or whether to have hospital treatment," the lead researcher said. He said that professionals often veered between being too empowering or too restrictive when helping with decisions.

The future of field trips looks promising Posted: 14 May 2014 05:45 AM PDT New research has implications for educators and museum professionals alike because it demonstrates that field trips can be engaging, informative and fun, as well as help schoolchildren develop essential twenty-first-century life skills. The days of staring aimlessly into glass cabinets appear to be over for good. Academics studying Florida's Habitat Tracker project have discovered an ideal way to engage children on field trips: add an iPad.

How orchid bees find their personal scent, attract mates Posted: 14 May 2014 05:45 AM PDT A fragrant perfume has brought many a man and many a woman together. Orchid bees, too, appear to rely on scent when it comes to choosing a partner. In the course of their lives, the males compile a species-specific bouquet that they store in the pockets on their hind legs. One day, they release it in order to attract the female, assumes a biologist who studies the flying perfume aficionados' collecting behavior.

New technology simplifies production of biotech medicines Posted: 14 May 2014 05:45 AM PDT The final step in the production of a biotech medicine is finishing with the correct sugar structure. This step is essential for the efficacy of the medicine, but it also makes the production process very complex and expensive. Researchers have developed a technology that shortens the sugar structures whilst retaining the therapeutic efficiency. This technology has the potential to make the production of biotech medicines significantly simpler and cheaper.

Emissions by carbon-neutral municipalities down by almost 20 per cent in six years Posted: 14 May 2014 05:45 AM PDT Sixteen municipalities involved in the Towards Carbon-Neutral Municipalities (Canemu, HINKU in Finnish) project reduced their greenhouse gas emissions by an average of 19% between 2007 and 2012. The greatest emissions reduction was made by Hanko (-34%) and Ii (-31%), which has invested heavily in emission-free wind power production. Lohja (-28%), Raasepori (-23%) and Padasjoki (-22%) did well too, cutting their emissions by more than 20%.

Using nature as a model for low-friction bearings Posted: 14 May 2014 05:45 AM PDT The mechanical properties of natural joints are considered unrivalled. Cartilage is coated with a special polymer layer allowing joints to move virtually friction-free, even under high pressure. Using simulations on supercomputers, scientists have developed a new process that technologically imitates biological lubrication and even improves it using two different types of polymers.

Magnetar formation mystery solved? Supernova explosions and dizzying spins in a binary system Posted: 14 May 2014 05:45 AM PDT Magnetars are the bizarre super-dense remnants of supernova explosions. They are the strongest magnets known in the universe — millions of times more powerful than the strongest magnets on Earth. Astronomers now believe they've found the partner star of a magnetar for the first time. This discovery helps to explain how magnetars form — a conundrum dating back 35 years — and why this particular star didn't collapse into a black hole as astronomers would expect.

Strongly interacting electrons in wacky oxide synchronize to compute like the brain Posted: 14 May 2014 05:43 AM PDT A new type of computing architecture that stores information in the frequencies and phases of periodic signals could work more like the human brain to do computing using a fraction of the energy of today's computers.

Primates and patience: Evolutionary roots of self control Posted: 13 May 2014 05:46 PM PDT Some primate species will wait more than two minutes if they know they will get a larger serving of food -- while others are unable to wait more than a few seconds. A new study probes the evolutionary reasons for the difference.

Ancient giant sperm from tiny shrimps discovered at Riversleigh World Heritage Fossil Site Posted: 13 May 2014 05:46 PM PDT Preserved giant sperm from tiny shrimps that lived about 17 million years ago have been discovered in Queensland, Australia. They are the oldest fossilized sperm ever found in the geological record. The shrimps lived in a pool in an ancient cave inhabited by thousands of bats, and the presence of bat droppings in the water could help explain the almost perfect preservation of the fossil crustaceans.

Repeat bowel cancer surgery: First trial restored under new initiative casts doubt Posted: 13 May 2014 04:05 PM PDT A trial that remained unpublished for 20 years casts doubt on the survival benefit of repeat -- 'second look' -- surgery for bowel cancer. Experts say the new evidence "should fuel uncertainty about present day second look surgery for colorectal cancer in its various forms and hope that it will give some encouragement to undertake the randomized trials that are needed."

Patients most in need of the vaccine against shingles don't get it  Posted: 13 May 2014 04:05 PM PDT People at the highest risk of shingles are those with immunosuppressive conditions -- such as HIV -- but they are not entitled to vaccination due to safety concerns, suggests research. Researchers say alternative strategies are needed to reduce the risk of shingles among these patient groups. Shingles is a common disease among older individuals which causes an acute painful rash and can lead to a complication resulting in pain lasting from months to years that can significantly impair a person's quality of life.

Many schools are neglecting students' health, wellbeing, warn experts Posted: 13 May 2014 04:05 PM PDT Many schools in England are neglecting -- and may be actively harming -- students' health and wellbeing, warn experts who argue that education policy shouldn't focus solely on academic attainment. They point out that personal, social, and health education (PSHE) remains a non-statutory subject, and argue that schools "spend less and less time teaching it because of pressure to focus on academic subjects."

Breathe easy, Iowa: Your air is (relatively) healthy Posted: 13 May 2014 02:52 PM PDT Iowa's air quality falls within government guidelines for cleanliness, based on data gathered at five locations statewide, researchers have found. The study analyzed air quality and pollution sources in the state and is the first to compare air quality in urban versus rural areas. This is an important distinction, because a higher percentage of the population in the Midwest lives in rural areas, when compared with other regions in the U.S., the researchers note. In Iowa, 44 percent of residents live in the country.

Role of calcium in familial Alzheimer's disease clarified, pointing to new therapeutics Posted: 13 May 2014 02:52 PM PDT Mutations in two presenilin proteins associated with familial Alzheimer's disease disrupt the flow of calcium ions within neurons. Researchers have found that suppressing the hyperactivity of the calcium channels alleviated FAD-like symptoms in mice models of the disease. These new observations suggest that approaches based on modulating calcium signaling could be explored for new AD therapies.

Pretreatment snack improves uptake of schistosomiasis treatment in schoolchildren Posted: 13 May 2014 02:52 PM PDT Provision of a snack before mass treatment of schistosomiasis with praziquantel leads to increased uptake of treatment in school-aged children in Uganda, according to a new study. Scientists found that 93.9 percent of children reported taking praziquantel in schools that offered a snack before treatment compared with 78.7 percent of children in schools that did not offer a snack.

Sustaining northern hardwood forests: Are we doing what we think we're doing? Posted: 13 May 2014 02:50 PM PDT There's an established, accepted and effective system for sustainable management of northern hardwood forests. The only thing is, although they give lip service, almost no one is using it. The researchers spoke with forest managers, almost all of whom claimed that production of high quality timber and revenue was their primary management objective. Yet the way they were managing their forests did not reflect the recommended guideline.

Additional imaging before cancer surgery: Is it beneficial? Posted: 13 May 2014 01:17 PM PDT This study is the largest, based on high-quality imaging and reading of scans, to understand the role of PET-CT in selecting the best colorectal cancer candidates whose cancer has spread to the liver for surgery. Researchers found no significant difference in survival or disease-free survival between patients in the PET-CT group versus the control group, suggesting that there may not be benefits to additional imaging before surgery.

Large increase seen in emergency departments visits for traumatic brain injury Posted: 13 May 2014 01:17 PM PDT Between 2006 and 2010, there was a nearly 30 percent increase in the rate of visits to an emergency department for traumatic brain injury, which may be attributable to a number of factors, including increased awareness and diagnoses, according to a study. In the last decade, traumatic brain injury (TBI) garnered increased attention, including public campaigns and legislation to increase awareness and prevent head injuries.

Football: Concussions, Years of Play Related to Brain Differences, Especially in Areas Linked to Memory Posted: 13 May 2014 01:17 PM PDT College football players with and without a history of concussions have less volume in the hippocampal region of the brain that relates to memory and emotion, according to a new study. Moreover, the number of years of playing experience was inversely related to hippocampal volume and reaction time.

Effectiveness of medications to treat alcohol use disorders examined Posted: 13 May 2014 01:17 PM PDT An analysis of more than 120 studies that examined the effectiveness of medications to treat alcohol use disorders reports that acamprosate and oral naltrexone show the strongest evidence for decreasing alcohol consumption, according to a study. Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are common, cause substantial illness, and result in 3-fold increased rates of early death. Treating AUDs is difficult, but may be aided by medications, although only a small percentage (<10 percent) of patients with AUDs receive medications to assist in reducing alcohol consumption.

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